The construction industry is transitioning from traditional methods to an industrialized approach, aligning more closely with manufacturing systems where operational efficiency is key to project success. This shift is notably challenging within the prefabricated construction supply chain due to the complexity inherent in combining construction and manufacturing systems, each with its unique characteristics that differ from simpler systems. To effectively manage these complexities, digital twin-enabled simulations offer valuable insights into system behavior, enabling more effective management strategies. However, implementing these advanced simulations requires sophisticated techniques, as current methods often focus on single aspects, neglecting other crucial elements of supply chain management. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel digital simulation approach that enhances supply chain coordination through a mixed-method framework. This framework integrates both micro-level constraints and macro-level tactical decisions, creating feedback loops between different layers of the system. A case study is conducted using supply chain tactics involving inventory and capacity buffers based on the developed model. The study contributes to both theoretical knowledge and practical applications by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the operational functions of digital twins and offering insights for future academic model development in the prefabricated construction supply chain. It enhances the understanding of operational efficiency and supply chain coordination in this evolving field for both researchers and practitioners.

The construction sector is essential for societal functioning yet faces significant challenges, including shortages in physical and human resources, extensive material and energy use, and low productivity growth. The Dutch construction industry, in particular, is grappling with a housing deficit, rising construction costs, and restrictive nitrogen policies. Additionally, a complex situation with infrastructure rehabilitation, known as the V&R challenge, demands immediate attention. This research focuses on the rehabilitation of bridge infrastructure assets, many of which were built in the 1950s and 1960s and now require renovation or replacement. The surge in demand for these activities is expected to surpass the current supply capacity, necessitating a transition in infrastructure project execution towards industrialisation.

The study analysed the concept of industrialisation in the Dutch bridge infrastructure context, aiming to understand how innovations and sector characteristics influence the potential for an integrated industrialised value chain. Using a qualitative methodology, the research employed the Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) approach, supported by semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that while numerous innovations could contribute to industrialisation, no singular combination ensures an industrialised value chain due to contextual factors. A proposed framework, the Industrialised Infrastructure Construction (IIC), outlined conditions necessary for a functioning industrialised system, including continuity of demand, standardisation, and long-term relations, amongst others.

The TIS analysis identified several systemic barriers: lack of upfront coordination and long-term planning, insufficient support for innovation and knowledge exchange, a conservative culture in a competitive sector, and insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing these barriers through policy instruments and organisational strategies is crucial for fostering transition efforts. Further research is recommended to validate the IIC framework and explore the cultural impacts on sustainable innovation. Practical recommendations emphasise the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and long-term commitment to standardisation for all actors involved in bridge rehabilitation.

This research explores the design of a future-proof building for Groningen, focusing on energy efficiency and climate adaptation. Given the rising sea levels and climate changes, the study investigates urban, local, building, and detail scales to develop sustainable design strategies that will later be implemented into an architectural design. Historical and present-day challenges of water management in the Groningen area are examined, leading to an urban concept on how to make the Groningen Reitdiep area future resilient.

The study outlines three future urban scenarios: living on mounds, adapting existing arable farming on terps, and utilizing mixed farming in a dike landscape. Each scenario addresses infrastructure, energy systems, and building typologies. Key strategies include dry and wet floodproofing, passive solar design, and integrating wind and water for energy generation. The research concludes with guidelines for designing resilient buildings in flood-prone areas, emphasizing the importance of combining traditional knowledge with modern sustainable practices to create liveable environments for future generations. This comprehensive approach aims to ensure that future inhabitants of Groningen can coexist with rising water levels.

The final design will be created within one future urban scenario, focusing on a cultural community centre that is water resilient even within 100 years from now in 2124.

Since its emergence in 2008, blockchain technology has significantly expanded its scope, impacting various industries beyond its initial cryptocurrency applications. Its potential to enhance established practices is increasingly recognized, yet its application in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry has been relatively little researched to date, let alone been applied in practice. This research aims to develop a system facilitating the initiation and management of architectural projects on the blockchain, enabling multi-disciplinary collaboration and participation, by integrating blockchain technology into the AEC ecosystem. The proposed system is designed to allow architects, engineers, and designers, irrespective of their preferred design software, to contribute, manage and record their designs. By uploading these designs to the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and recording the IPFS hashes on the Ethereum blockchain, the system ensures immutable data provenance, transparent ownership representation, and heightened project transparency. Furthermore, this framework automates various aspects of project management, including contractual obligations, payments, and compliance verification through smart contracts. At the core of this research is a multi-step approach that begins with a literature review to establish the current state of blockchain applications within the AEC sector. The review focuses particularly on the potential of smart contracts, NFTs, and IPFS for improving the management of construction projects. A conceptual framework is then developed, drawing from the literature to designing a prototype system that integrates these technologies. The prototyping phase involves creating a blockchain-based system where architectural project management can be conducted securely and efficiently. Key to this phase is the crafting of smart contracts to automate project workflows and the use of NFTs for clear delineation of design ownership and achievements. The system also incorporates a method for offchain storage of design files through IPFS, connected to the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and easy retrieval. Systematic testing under certain scenario assesses performance and informs iterative optimization to refine the system's functionality. A performance evaluation strategy is employed to assess the prototype, ensuring its suitability for real-world applications in the AEC sector. This research develops a blockchain-based system in attempt to restructure project management in the AEC sector. Through iterative development, testing, and optimization, the objective of this study is to contribute to enhanced efficiency, transparency, and collaboration within the industry, exploring the potential benefits of integrating blockchain technology in a structured and measured manner.

Innovative projects have a high failure rate, which is costly in terms of wasted raw materials and technical resources if the facility does not operate. In this master's thesis, the applicability of modular design for reusing the equipment is evaluated in an effort to decrease this waste and improve the circular market.
To encourage businesses to employ modular design and reuse the equipment in their projects, multiple suggestions are offered. One of the most important first steps for adopting this method seems to be raising awareness and developing a culture where new ideas are encouraged and accepted.

Digital Twin (DT) technology has transformed construction by creating virtual counterparts of real-world objects for improved project design and management. Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) with Game Engines (GEs) like Unity3D is crucial for effective DT implementation in construction. However, research in this area is limited, particularly in seamless BIM data exchange to GEs. This study bridges these gaps to enable successful DT deployment in construction.

This research addresses BIM-GE integration for construction DTs, evaluating commercial, customized and custom built data exchange methods between Autodesk Revit and Unity3D. Drawing from literature and commercial software, the methods are tailored to diverse DT use cases. The goal is to optimize workflows, enhancing efficiency and accuracy of data transmission between DTs implementing technologies. Findings provide guidance for seamless BIM-GE integration, fostering innovative and sustainable infrastructure.

Comprising four branches, the methodology involves a literature review to establish data needs for various DT applications, software pipeline evaluation, comparative analysis of data exchange methods, and prototyping using Dynamo.

Key findings include insights into DT use case requirements, analysis of data exchange method pros and cons, recommendations for DT development, and a practical prototype illustrating data exchange.

In conclusion, strategies for effective data exchange are highlighted, including bi-directional methods and real-time synchronization. Recommendations involve suitable file formats and polygon reduction techniques. Embracing emerging technologies like object behavior and sensor data enhances DT simulations. This research demonstrates how the DT use case influences the type of data need and therefore highly affects the data exchange methods to be considered when developing a DT.