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Open Neighborhoods
Aperiodic tiling structures for developing 'open building' neighborhoods
The capacity of the built environment to respond to change is increasingly important as housing demand, land-use pressures and societal needs continue to evolve. Dutch post-World War II ‘stamped’ neighborhoods demonstrate both the advantages of systematic construction and the limitations of urban structures designed around fixed uses. Urban and structural repetition enabled rapid, affordable construction, but often produced stagnant environments with limited capacity for change.
By revisiting the logic of the architectural ‘stamp’ and combining it with adaptability as a fundamental building principle, the research investigates how repetition might support diversity rather than monotony. Through a multitude of design philosophies, such as stamping, open building, shearing layers and metabolism, a tool was developed able to insert an adaptable urban structure capable of adjustments in size, division, function and appearance.
The proposed approach does not attempt to anticipate every future requirement. Instead, it seeks to establish a framework for reimagining large-scale urban developments in which urban spaces can continue to serve society and avoid a recurring cycle of obsolescence, demolition and replacement. ...
By revisiting the logic of the architectural ‘stamp’ and combining it with adaptability as a fundamental building principle, the research investigates how repetition might support diversity rather than monotony. Through a multitude of design philosophies, such as stamping, open building, shearing layers and metabolism, a tool was developed able to insert an adaptable urban structure capable of adjustments in size, division, function and appearance.
The proposed approach does not attempt to anticipate every future requirement. Instead, it seeks to establish a framework for reimagining large-scale urban developments in which urban spaces can continue to serve society and avoid a recurring cycle of obsolescence, demolition and replacement. ...
The capacity of the built environment to respond to change is increasingly important as housing demand, land-use pressures and societal needs continue to evolve. Dutch post-World War II ‘stamped’ neighborhoods demonstrate both the advantages of systematic construction and the limitations of urban structures designed around fixed uses. Urban and structural repetition enabled rapid, affordable construction, but often produced stagnant environments with limited capacity for change.
By revisiting the logic of the architectural ‘stamp’ and combining it with adaptability as a fundamental building principle, the research investigates how repetition might support diversity rather than monotony. Through a multitude of design philosophies, such as stamping, open building, shearing layers and metabolism, a tool was developed able to insert an adaptable urban structure capable of adjustments in size, division, function and appearance.
The proposed approach does not attempt to anticipate every future requirement. Instead, it seeks to establish a framework for reimagining large-scale urban developments in which urban spaces can continue to serve society and avoid a recurring cycle of obsolescence, demolition and replacement.
By revisiting the logic of the architectural ‘stamp’ and combining it with adaptability as a fundamental building principle, the research investigates how repetition might support diversity rather than monotony. Through a multitude of design philosophies, such as stamping, open building, shearing layers and metabolism, a tool was developed able to insert an adaptable urban structure capable of adjustments in size, division, function and appearance.
The proposed approach does not attempt to anticipate every future requirement. Instead, it seeks to establish a framework for reimagining large-scale urban developments in which urban spaces can continue to serve society and avoid a recurring cycle of obsolescence, demolition and replacement.
Coastal Change in Aruba and Bonaire
A Remote Sensing Assessment of Shoreline Change, Development, and Vegetation
Coastal environments on small Caribbean islands are shaped by both natural processes and human activity, and both are expected to intensify with climate change and continued development. This thesis examines how coastal change between 2016 and 2023 varied across six coastal sections of Aruba and Bonaire, three on each island, selected to represent contrasting coastal types, levels of development, vegetation cover and exposure.
Shoreline positions were extracted from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Change was then measured along transects, with summer and winter observations analysed separately. Building change was derived from the Google Open Buildings Temporal dataset, and vegetation extent was classified from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The three indicators were then compared spatially within and between sections.
Shoreline displacement varied considerably both between and within sections. Two of the Aruba sections showed mean landward displacement, while the Bonaire sections showed more mixed behaviour, often differing between seasons. Detected building area increased mainly in sections that were already developed, and detected vegetation extent increased in all six sections. The indicators did not follow a common spatial pattern, and where building growth and shoreline displacement occurred in the same section, this did not imply a causal link. Several mean displacements were similar in size to the shoreline extraction error, so small changes could not be interpreted reliably.
The results suggest that coastal change on both islands depends on local combinations of coastal setting, exposure, development and vegetation. Combining remote-sensing indicators is useful for comparing spatial patterns across sections, but the interpretation depends strongly on positional accuracy and image quality. ...
Shoreline positions were extracted from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Change was then measured along transects, with summer and winter observations analysed separately. Building change was derived from the Google Open Buildings Temporal dataset, and vegetation extent was classified from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The three indicators were then compared spatially within and between sections.
Shoreline displacement varied considerably both between and within sections. Two of the Aruba sections showed mean landward displacement, while the Bonaire sections showed more mixed behaviour, often differing between seasons. Detected building area increased mainly in sections that were already developed, and detected vegetation extent increased in all six sections. The indicators did not follow a common spatial pattern, and where building growth and shoreline displacement occurred in the same section, this did not imply a causal link. Several mean displacements were similar in size to the shoreline extraction error, so small changes could not be interpreted reliably.
The results suggest that coastal change on both islands depends on local combinations of coastal setting, exposure, development and vegetation. Combining remote-sensing indicators is useful for comparing spatial patterns across sections, but the interpretation depends strongly on positional accuracy and image quality. ...
Coastal environments on small Caribbean islands are shaped by both natural processes and human activity, and both are expected to intensify with climate change and continued development. This thesis examines how coastal change between 2016 and 2023 varied across six coastal sections of Aruba and Bonaire, three on each island, selected to represent contrasting coastal types, levels of development, vegetation cover and exposure.
Shoreline positions were extracted from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Change was then measured along transects, with summer and winter observations analysed separately. Building change was derived from the Google Open Buildings Temporal dataset, and vegetation extent was classified from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The three indicators were then compared spatially within and between sections.
Shoreline displacement varied considerably both between and within sections. Two of the Aruba sections showed mean landward displacement, while the Bonaire sections showed more mixed behaviour, often differing between seasons. Detected building area increased mainly in sections that were already developed, and detected vegetation extent increased in all six sections. The indicators did not follow a common spatial pattern, and where building growth and shoreline displacement occurred in the same section, this did not imply a causal link. Several mean displacements were similar in size to the shoreline extraction error, so small changes could not be interpreted reliably.
The results suggest that coastal change on both islands depends on local combinations of coastal setting, exposure, development and vegetation. Combining remote-sensing indicators is useful for comparing spatial patterns across sections, but the interpretation depends strongly on positional accuracy and image quality.
Shoreline positions were extracted from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Change was then measured along transects, with summer and winter observations analysed separately. Building change was derived from the Google Open Buildings Temporal dataset, and vegetation extent was classified from PlanetScope imagery using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The three indicators were then compared spatially within and between sections.
Shoreline displacement varied considerably both between and within sections. Two of the Aruba sections showed mean landward displacement, while the Bonaire sections showed more mixed behaviour, often differing between seasons. Detected building area increased mainly in sections that were already developed, and detected vegetation extent increased in all six sections. The indicators did not follow a common spatial pattern, and where building growth and shoreline displacement occurred in the same section, this did not imply a causal link. Several mean displacements were similar in size to the shoreline extraction error, so small changes could not be interpreted reliably.
The results suggest that coastal change on both islands depends on local combinations of coastal setting, exposure, development and vegetation. Combining remote-sensing indicators is useful for comparing spatial patterns across sections, but the interpretation depends strongly on positional accuracy and image quality.
Participation is increasingly expected in urban public-space transformation. Yet providing opportunities to contribute does not establish whether involvement is meaningful or valuable for residents. Invitations may be unsuitable, contributions may receive limited consideration, and arrangements for follow-up may remain unclear. This thesis investigates:
How can participation become more meaningful and valuable for residents?
The question was explored through a five-month Research through Design process in the Scheepsmasttuin, a public space on Noordereiland in Rotterdam. Developing a street design proposal for greening this space provided a concrete setting for designing, carrying out and reflecting on participation. Literature informed a Preliminary Framework and participation strategy. Project-specific activities invited residents to contribute, while the designer-researcher also joined existing neighbourhood activities to understand their everyday circumstances and perspectives. Spatial design made interpretations of residents’ contributions and possible changes tangible. Resident contributions, field notes, reflective diary entries and design iterations informed the analysis.
The practical exploration distinguished reach, interest and contribution. Residents could notice an invitation or express interest while finding the communication, location or requested form of involvement unsuitable. Different formats offered different opportunities, and repeated contact supported familiarity without necessarily broadening participation. Individual accounts described value through enjoyment, sharing knowledge, company and contributing to the neighbourhood.
Residents’ perspectives informed the street design proposal, but their translation required interpretation and choices between competing concerns. The intended further collective review was not completed, and municipal follow-up remained uncertain. Contributing to a proposal therefore differed from having influence over its subsequent development. Opportunities to question interpretations, understand decisions and remain involved required arrangements beyond the initial activities.
A critical encounter and a later clarification of organisational arrangements were interpreted as two significant breakdowns that challenged the designer-researcher’s understanding of the project and what further participation activities and design iterations could achieve. Together with reflection on other encounters, these breakdowns broadened the inquiry towards an additional question:
What conditions surrounding a participation process shape whether meaningful participation can take place?
The analysis connected spatial concerns with relationships, earlier experiences, expectations and organisational responsibilities. Anticipated noise, for example, involved possible uses of public space alongside relationships with a new organisation and expectations of unwanted change. References to other greening projects connected spatial experiences elsewhere with perceptions of municipal decision-making. These accounts prompted reconsideration of residents’ responses and the designer-researcher’s own understanding of the assignment.
The research produced two connected research outcomes: twelve practice-based insights and the Multi-Lens Reflection Framework . The insights identify considerations for accessibility, continuity of contact, space to contribute and connections between involvement and influence. The Multi-Lens Reflection Framework structures examination of participation through physical-spatial, social-relational and mental-emotional perspectives. Institutional conditions, including mandates, resources and responsibilities, are examined through each lens. Reflection can connect matters within and between perspectives, compare activities and explore wider circumstances, history and change.
The framework’s theoretical contribution is a situated elaboration of contextual and reflective approaches to participation. Its proposed practical value is to turn complex encounters into more specific questions: what was expressed, what remains assumed, which connections require investigation and who needs to be involved? For professionals working between municipal organisations and neighbourhood practice, this inquiry may identify matters requiring spatial exploration, changes to participation arrangements, dialogue or organisational coordination. The research also proposes exploring a shared starting point in which residents help define priorities before a spatial assignment is fixed.
The outcomes derive from one situated inquiry. Individual accounts indicated value in particular encounters, while residents’ assessment of the overall process and its eventual outcome remained unresolved. The framework’s usefulness for other professionals and the effects of applying the insights require further investigation.
The research identifies three connected priorities: creating opportunities that fit residents’ circumstances, responding to what matters to them, and establishing how contributions can inform decisions and action. Designing for meaningful participation consequently involves revisiting activities, the assignment, residents’ scope of influence and the professional’s own role as understanding and circumstances develop. ...
How can participation become more meaningful and valuable for residents?
The question was explored through a five-month Research through Design process in the Scheepsmasttuin, a public space on Noordereiland in Rotterdam. Developing a street design proposal for greening this space provided a concrete setting for designing, carrying out and reflecting on participation. Literature informed a Preliminary Framework and participation strategy. Project-specific activities invited residents to contribute, while the designer-researcher also joined existing neighbourhood activities to understand their everyday circumstances and perspectives. Spatial design made interpretations of residents’ contributions and possible changes tangible. Resident contributions, field notes, reflective diary entries and design iterations informed the analysis.
The practical exploration distinguished reach, interest and contribution. Residents could notice an invitation or express interest while finding the communication, location or requested form of involvement unsuitable. Different formats offered different opportunities, and repeated contact supported familiarity without necessarily broadening participation. Individual accounts described value through enjoyment, sharing knowledge, company and contributing to the neighbourhood.
Residents’ perspectives informed the street design proposal, but their translation required interpretation and choices between competing concerns. The intended further collective review was not completed, and municipal follow-up remained uncertain. Contributing to a proposal therefore differed from having influence over its subsequent development. Opportunities to question interpretations, understand decisions and remain involved required arrangements beyond the initial activities.
A critical encounter and a later clarification of organisational arrangements were interpreted as two significant breakdowns that challenged the designer-researcher’s understanding of the project and what further participation activities and design iterations could achieve. Together with reflection on other encounters, these breakdowns broadened the inquiry towards an additional question:
What conditions surrounding a participation process shape whether meaningful participation can take place?
The analysis connected spatial concerns with relationships, earlier experiences, expectations and organisational responsibilities. Anticipated noise, for example, involved possible uses of public space alongside relationships with a new organisation and expectations of unwanted change. References to other greening projects connected spatial experiences elsewhere with perceptions of municipal decision-making. These accounts prompted reconsideration of residents’ responses and the designer-researcher’s own understanding of the assignment.
The research produced two connected research outcomes: twelve practice-based insights and the Multi-Lens Reflection Framework . The insights identify considerations for accessibility, continuity of contact, space to contribute and connections between involvement and influence. The Multi-Lens Reflection Framework structures examination of participation through physical-spatial, social-relational and mental-emotional perspectives. Institutional conditions, including mandates, resources and responsibilities, are examined through each lens. Reflection can connect matters within and between perspectives, compare activities and explore wider circumstances, history and change.
The framework’s theoretical contribution is a situated elaboration of contextual and reflective approaches to participation. Its proposed practical value is to turn complex encounters into more specific questions: what was expressed, what remains assumed, which connections require investigation and who needs to be involved? For professionals working between municipal organisations and neighbourhood practice, this inquiry may identify matters requiring spatial exploration, changes to participation arrangements, dialogue or organisational coordination. The research also proposes exploring a shared starting point in which residents help define priorities before a spatial assignment is fixed.
The outcomes derive from one situated inquiry. Individual accounts indicated value in particular encounters, while residents’ assessment of the overall process and its eventual outcome remained unresolved. The framework’s usefulness for other professionals and the effects of applying the insights require further investigation.
The research identifies three connected priorities: creating opportunities that fit residents’ circumstances, responding to what matters to them, and establishing how contributions can inform decisions and action. Designing for meaningful participation consequently involves revisiting activities, the assignment, residents’ scope of influence and the professional’s own role as understanding and circumstances develop. ...
Participation is increasingly expected in urban public-space transformation. Yet providing opportunities to contribute does not establish whether involvement is meaningful or valuable for residents. Invitations may be unsuitable, contributions may receive limited consideration, and arrangements for follow-up may remain unclear. This thesis investigates:
How can participation become more meaningful and valuable for residents?
The question was explored through a five-month Research through Design process in the Scheepsmasttuin, a public space on Noordereiland in Rotterdam. Developing a street design proposal for greening this space provided a concrete setting for designing, carrying out and reflecting on participation. Literature informed a Preliminary Framework and participation strategy. Project-specific activities invited residents to contribute, while the designer-researcher also joined existing neighbourhood activities to understand their everyday circumstances and perspectives. Spatial design made interpretations of residents’ contributions and possible changes tangible. Resident contributions, field notes, reflective diary entries and design iterations informed the analysis.
The practical exploration distinguished reach, interest and contribution. Residents could notice an invitation or express interest while finding the communication, location or requested form of involvement unsuitable. Different formats offered different opportunities, and repeated contact supported familiarity without necessarily broadening participation. Individual accounts described value through enjoyment, sharing knowledge, company and contributing to the neighbourhood.
Residents’ perspectives informed the street design proposal, but their translation required interpretation and choices between competing concerns. The intended further collective review was not completed, and municipal follow-up remained uncertain. Contributing to a proposal therefore differed from having influence over its subsequent development. Opportunities to question interpretations, understand decisions and remain involved required arrangements beyond the initial activities.
A critical encounter and a later clarification of organisational arrangements were interpreted as two significant breakdowns that challenged the designer-researcher’s understanding of the project and what further participation activities and design iterations could achieve. Together with reflection on other encounters, these breakdowns broadened the inquiry towards an additional question:
What conditions surrounding a participation process shape whether meaningful participation can take place?
The analysis connected spatial concerns with relationships, earlier experiences, expectations and organisational responsibilities. Anticipated noise, for example, involved possible uses of public space alongside relationships with a new organisation and expectations of unwanted change. References to other greening projects connected spatial experiences elsewhere with perceptions of municipal decision-making. These accounts prompted reconsideration of residents’ responses and the designer-researcher’s own understanding of the assignment.
The research produced two connected research outcomes: twelve practice-based insights and the Multi-Lens Reflection Framework . The insights identify considerations for accessibility, continuity of contact, space to contribute and connections between involvement and influence. The Multi-Lens Reflection Framework structures examination of participation through physical-spatial, social-relational and mental-emotional perspectives. Institutional conditions, including mandates, resources and responsibilities, are examined through each lens. Reflection can connect matters within and between perspectives, compare activities and explore wider circumstances, history and change.
The framework’s theoretical contribution is a situated elaboration of contextual and reflective approaches to participation. Its proposed practical value is to turn complex encounters into more specific questions: what was expressed, what remains assumed, which connections require investigation and who needs to be involved? For professionals working between municipal organisations and neighbourhood practice, this inquiry may identify matters requiring spatial exploration, changes to participation arrangements, dialogue or organisational coordination. The research also proposes exploring a shared starting point in which residents help define priorities before a spatial assignment is fixed.
The outcomes derive from one situated inquiry. Individual accounts indicated value in particular encounters, while residents’ assessment of the overall process and its eventual outcome remained unresolved. The framework’s usefulness for other professionals and the effects of applying the insights require further investigation.
The research identifies three connected priorities: creating opportunities that fit residents’ circumstances, responding to what matters to them, and establishing how contributions can inform decisions and action. Designing for meaningful participation consequently involves revisiting activities, the assignment, residents’ scope of influence and the professional’s own role as understanding and circumstances develop.
How can participation become more meaningful and valuable for residents?
The question was explored through a five-month Research through Design process in the Scheepsmasttuin, a public space on Noordereiland in Rotterdam. Developing a street design proposal for greening this space provided a concrete setting for designing, carrying out and reflecting on participation. Literature informed a Preliminary Framework and participation strategy. Project-specific activities invited residents to contribute, while the designer-researcher also joined existing neighbourhood activities to understand their everyday circumstances and perspectives. Spatial design made interpretations of residents’ contributions and possible changes tangible. Resident contributions, field notes, reflective diary entries and design iterations informed the analysis.
The practical exploration distinguished reach, interest and contribution. Residents could notice an invitation or express interest while finding the communication, location or requested form of involvement unsuitable. Different formats offered different opportunities, and repeated contact supported familiarity without necessarily broadening participation. Individual accounts described value through enjoyment, sharing knowledge, company and contributing to the neighbourhood.
Residents’ perspectives informed the street design proposal, but their translation required interpretation and choices between competing concerns. The intended further collective review was not completed, and municipal follow-up remained uncertain. Contributing to a proposal therefore differed from having influence over its subsequent development. Opportunities to question interpretations, understand decisions and remain involved required arrangements beyond the initial activities.
A critical encounter and a later clarification of organisational arrangements were interpreted as two significant breakdowns that challenged the designer-researcher’s understanding of the project and what further participation activities and design iterations could achieve. Together with reflection on other encounters, these breakdowns broadened the inquiry towards an additional question:
What conditions surrounding a participation process shape whether meaningful participation can take place?
The analysis connected spatial concerns with relationships, earlier experiences, expectations and organisational responsibilities. Anticipated noise, for example, involved possible uses of public space alongside relationships with a new organisation and expectations of unwanted change. References to other greening projects connected spatial experiences elsewhere with perceptions of municipal decision-making. These accounts prompted reconsideration of residents’ responses and the designer-researcher’s own understanding of the assignment.
The research produced two connected research outcomes: twelve practice-based insights and the Multi-Lens Reflection Framework . The insights identify considerations for accessibility, continuity of contact, space to contribute and connections between involvement and influence. The Multi-Lens Reflection Framework structures examination of participation through physical-spatial, social-relational and mental-emotional perspectives. Institutional conditions, including mandates, resources and responsibilities, are examined through each lens. Reflection can connect matters within and between perspectives, compare activities and explore wider circumstances, history and change.
The framework’s theoretical contribution is a situated elaboration of contextual and reflective approaches to participation. Its proposed practical value is to turn complex encounters into more specific questions: what was expressed, what remains assumed, which connections require investigation and who needs to be involved? For professionals working between municipal organisations and neighbourhood practice, this inquiry may identify matters requiring spatial exploration, changes to participation arrangements, dialogue or organisational coordination. The research also proposes exploring a shared starting point in which residents help define priorities before a spatial assignment is fixed.
The outcomes derive from one situated inquiry. Individual accounts indicated value in particular encounters, while residents’ assessment of the overall process and its eventual outcome remained unresolved. The framework’s usefulness for other professionals and the effects of applying the insights require further investigation.
The research identifies three connected priorities: creating opportunities that fit residents’ circumstances, responding to what matters to them, and establishing how contributions can inform decisions and action. Designing for meaningful participation consequently involves revisiting activities, the assignment, residents’ scope of influence and the professional’s own role as understanding and circumstances develop.
Concussions in amateur and youth rugby often go unreported, and the instrumented mouthguards used in elite rugby are too costly for the amateur game. This study asks whether a low-cost inertial sensor worn under a scrumcap can reproduce the kinematics at the head’s centre of gravity (CoG), and what limits its accuracy. A six-axis sensor module (high-g accelerometer and gyroscope, 2000 Hz sampling) was developed through a three-stage pipeline: bench drop tests, integration into two scrumcap-compatible concepts, and pendulum validation on a purpose-built head-and-neck surrogate against a reference sensor at the CoG (365 paired strikes, three impact positions, three energy levels up to 13.8 J). On the bench, the module measured peak linear acceleration repeatably (coefficient of variation 3–11%), and rotational acceleration repeatably above about 650 rad/s². On the surrogate, neither concept met World Rugby’s criterion of 80% of measurements within ±20% of a reference. After rigid-body transformation, 52% (concept 1: adhesive patch at the mastoid) and 39% (concept 2: headband at the occiput) of peak linear accelerations agreed. The error was systematic: impact position explained 64–71% of the variance in the sensor-to-reference ratio, against 8–12% from strike to strike. Rotation was over-read by up to 5.3× (angular velocity) and 7.8× (rotational acceleration), because the module vibrated on its mount at 50–200 Hz while following head rotation below 25 Hz. A per-position correction raised linear agreement to 70% (concept 1) and 55% (concept 2), and impact position was recognised from the acceleration vector in 88–96% of strikes at an unseen energy. Sensor-to-skull coupling, rather than placement or sampling rate, is the limiting design factor for sensors carried by soft rugby headgear.
...
Concussions in amateur and youth rugby often go unreported, and the instrumented mouthguards used in elite rugby are too costly for the amateur game. This study asks whether a low-cost inertial sensor worn under a scrumcap can reproduce the kinematics at the head’s centre of gravity (CoG), and what limits its accuracy. A six-axis sensor module (high-g accelerometer and gyroscope, 2000 Hz sampling) was developed through a three-stage pipeline: bench drop tests, integration into two scrumcap-compatible concepts, and pendulum validation on a purpose-built head-and-neck surrogate against a reference sensor at the CoG (365 paired strikes, three impact positions, three energy levels up to 13.8 J). On the bench, the module measured peak linear acceleration repeatably (coefficient of variation 3–11%), and rotational acceleration repeatably above about 650 rad/s². On the surrogate, neither concept met World Rugby’s criterion of 80% of measurements within ±20% of a reference. After rigid-body transformation, 52% (concept 1: adhesive patch at the mastoid) and 39% (concept 2: headband at the occiput) of peak linear accelerations agreed. The error was systematic: impact position explained 64–71% of the variance in the sensor-to-reference ratio, against 8–12% from strike to strike. Rotation was over-read by up to 5.3× (angular velocity) and 7.8× (rotational acceleration), because the module vibrated on its mount at 50–200 Hz while following head rotation below 25 Hz. A per-position correction raised linear agreement to 70% (concept 1) and 55% (concept 2), and impact position was recognised from the acceleration vector in 88–96% of strikes at an unseen energy. Sensor-to-skull coupling, rather than placement or sampling rate, is the limiting design factor for sensors carried by soft rugby headgear.
Journal article
(2026)
-
R. Koide, Hide Fumi Yokoo, Ryo Tajima, Sho Hata, Michael Lettenmeier, Cameron Brick, J.N. Quist, Keisuke Nansai
Carbon footprint calculators are widely used, yet empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness remains limited. Furthermore, most existing calculators are predominantly conceptualised and designed around individual responsibilities and consumption actions. This study examines the effects of a carbon footprint calculator incorporating informational content framed to emphasise the importance of both individual and systemic changes. We employed an adjusted per-protocol analysis with randomised treatment assignment using a demographically quota-balanced online sample in Japan to estimate treatment effects among participants who completed the intervention (N = 693). We found that the calculator increased intentions not only for consumption actions but also for citizenship actions and policy support, potentially through spillover or synergistic effects. Specifically, citizenship action intentions, including communication, business, non-governmental, and organisational actions, increased by 9.3–18% (p < 0.05), while support for subsidies, regulation, and public investments also increased by 7.1–8.2% (p < 0.05). Although intentions for most consumption actions related to avoid, shift, and improve strategies increased by 7.7–20% (p < 0.05), the intervention did not produce statistically significant effects for actions requiring large investments, such as renewable energy or zero-energy housing, and for policies implying direct burdens, such as taxes or product price increases (p > 0.05). Estimated indirect effects through motivational factors (awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility) were positive for both consumption and citizenship action intentions, while those through capability factors (action-related knowledge and perceived self-efficacy) were positive only for some consumption actions. Mediators and outcomes were measured at the same time, so evidence of mediation is interpreted cautiously. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of carbon footprint calculators in promoting climate citizenship action intentions and policy support, while highlighting opportunities for incorporating functions that recommend citizenship actions and their applications in participatory policymaking.
...
Carbon footprint calculators are widely used, yet empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness remains limited. Furthermore, most existing calculators are predominantly conceptualised and designed around individual responsibilities and consumption actions. This study examines the effects of a carbon footprint calculator incorporating informational content framed to emphasise the importance of both individual and systemic changes. We employed an adjusted per-protocol analysis with randomised treatment assignment using a demographically quota-balanced online sample in Japan to estimate treatment effects among participants who completed the intervention (N = 693). We found that the calculator increased intentions not only for consumption actions but also for citizenship actions and policy support, potentially through spillover or synergistic effects. Specifically, citizenship action intentions, including communication, business, non-governmental, and organisational actions, increased by 9.3–18% (p < 0.05), while support for subsidies, regulation, and public investments also increased by 7.1–8.2% (p < 0.05). Although intentions for most consumption actions related to avoid, shift, and improve strategies increased by 7.7–20% (p < 0.05), the intervention did not produce statistically significant effects for actions requiring large investments, such as renewable energy or zero-energy housing, and for policies implying direct burdens, such as taxes or product price increases (p > 0.05). Estimated indirect effects through motivational factors (awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility) were positive for both consumption and citizenship action intentions, while those through capability factors (action-related knowledge and perceived self-efficacy) were positive only for some consumption actions. Mediators and outcomes were measured at the same time, so evidence of mediation is interpreted cautiously. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of carbon footprint calculators in promoting climate citizenship action intentions and policy support, while highlighting opportunities for incorporating functions that recommend citizenship actions and their applications in participatory policymaking.