Healthcare facilities play a key role in responding United Nations goals, such as sustainability, health and welling. The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has driven much attention to expanding healthcare capacity through advanced digital technologies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM). Nevertheless, a systematic review of research achievements is lacking. This research uses bibliometric and systemic literature review methods to investigate BIM applications in Healthcare Design and Construction (HDC). The bibliometric investigation focuses on country, journal co-citation, and keyword clustering analyses. The systematic review classifies application domains, BIM actions, and other digital technologies accompanying BIM. Finally, 17 major BIM actions are summarized for six major domains, including operability, resilience, collaboration, sustainability and constructability. This study reveals that the outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly stimulated the academic interest in digital technologies for HDC, and there is geographical uniqueness highly relevant to local government policies and national healthcare services. However, related research is still in a relatively preliminary stage.@en

Modularity is an approach to simplify systems and reduce complexity. However, existing research suggests that a mono-dimensional modularity strategy, focusing solely on one dimension, such as product, process, or organization, might not fully achieve these goals in design activities. This research investigates how combining strategies from various dimensions of modularity can reduce the complexity of large-scale engineering design. The Huoshenshan Hospital, a 1,000-bed hospital designed and built in 10 days, provided an extreme case study of the first emergency hospital to address COVID-19. The research identified 10 different aspects, termed ‘proximities’, which relate to how people perceive the four dimensions of modularity, specifically across organization–process–product–supply-chain dimensions. Additionally, it identified three types of reinforcement relationships aimed at diminishing complexity in design activities: modular alignment (i.e., synchronized alignment and asynchronous alignment), modular complementarity (i.e., subtraction complement and addition complement), and modular incentive relationships. This research highlights that these three types of reinforcement relationships between different dimensions of modularity can reduce complexity, allowing subsystems to support the system in working as a whole.@en

The construction industry increasingly recognizes the potential benefits of cyber-physical systems, particularly Digital Twin (DT) technology, within the framework of Industry 4.0 and Construction 4.0. However, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific contributions of DT to the construction sector, often conflated with Building Information Modeling (BIM). This paper aims to address this ambiguity by conducting a historical review of DTs, delineating their key features, and elucidating the opportunities they offer throughout the stages of constructed facilities' life. Additionally, this paper outlines potential research trajectories and practical applications for leveraging DTs to enhance construction project delivery.

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Purpose Information management workflow in building information modelling (BIM)-based collaboration is based on using a common data environment (CDE). The basic premise of a CDE is exposing all relevant data as a single source of truth and facilitating continuous collaboration between stakeholders. A multitude of tools can be used as a CDE, however, it is not clear how the tools are used or if they fulfil the users’ needs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate current practices of using CDEs for information management during the whole built asset’s life cycle, through a state-of-the-art literature review and an empirical study. Design/methodology/approach Literature data is collected according to the PRISMA 2020 guideline for reporting systematic reviews. This paper includes 46 documents in the review and conduct a bibliometric and thematic analysis to identify the main challenges of digital information management. To understand the current practice and the views of the stakeholders using CDEs in their work, this paper used an empirical approach including semi-structured interviews with 15 BIM experts. Findings The results indicate that one of the major challenges of CDE adoption is project complexity and using multiple CDEs simultaneously leading to data accountability, transparency and reliability issues. To tackle those challenges, the use of novel technologies in CDE development such as blockchain could be further investigated. Originality/value The research explores the major challenges in the practical implementation of CDEs for information management. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on this topic combining a systematic literature review and fieldwork.@en

Sociotechnical transitions are mostly seen in the literature as processes where actors and technologies in small niches peripheral to an organizational field, accumulate momentum, scale up, aggregate, and eventually bring about large-scale regime change. Foundational examples include the British transition from sailing ships to steamships and the American transition from traditional factories to mass production. Herein lies a paradox, transitions concern large scale system change for example transition to electric cars or renewable energy, but large-scale options for technological change driven by incumbents have received less attention in transitions research. This is an important opportunity for transition research to draw on the literature of project management research on large-scale projects. We bridge transitions research and project management research by exploring speciation and aggregation from both perspectives. We illustrate how this bridge may be instantiated drawing on published research and interviews on six megaprojects that have been instrumental in the digital transformation of UK construction: (i) the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, (ii) Heathrow Terminal 5, (iii) London Olympics, (iv) Crossrail, (v) Thames Tideway and (vi) High Speed Two. The speciation of digital technology seeds the process of aggregation and UK industry transition which is driven by incumbents at the organizational field core and ripples outward to its periphery. This is a reverse process to the one mostly considered in transition research where change initiates in small niches peripheral to an organizational field and propagates until it eventually brings about large-scale change to its core.@en

Purpose
This research investigates the distinct characteristics of blockchain technology to safeguard against the deterioration of handover information quality in the post-construction phase. The significance of effective management of handover information is highlighted by global building failures, such as the Grenfell Tower fire in London, UK. Despite existing technological interventions, there remains a paucity of understanding regarding the factors contributing to the decline in the quality of handover information during the post-construction phase.

Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a multi-case studies approach across five higher education institutions. It involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 52 asset management professionals, uncovering the underlying reasons for the decline in handover information quality. Building on these insights, the study performed a mapping exercise to align these identified factors with blockchain technology features and information quality dimensions, aiming to evaluate blockchain’s potential in managing quality handover information.

Findings
The study findings suggest that blockchain technology offers advantages but has limitations in addressing all the identified quality issues of managing handover information. Due to the lack of an automated process and file-based information exchange, updating handover information still requires an error-prone manual process, leading to potential information loss. Additionally, no solutions are available for encoding drawings for updates and validation.

Originality/value
This study proposes a framework integrating blockchain to enhance the information management process and improve handover information quality.@en

In today’s society, project work gains traction across many industries. As projects are characterised by novelty and uncertainty, emerging digital technologies promise solutions that improve performance and help deliver full benefits. Amidst this digitisation, digital technologies such as data analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) streamline the large amount of data generated. However, this critical information is only partially leveraged during and after projects to date. Project data are generated, collected, and analysed across all stages of project management and delivery. Eleni Papadonikolaki and Carlos Galera-Zarco conceptualise the relation between projects, information, and data, and discuss key application areas of data analytics in projects, for instance in scheduling and costing. Next, they present the state-of-the-art applications, means, and tools of data analytics in key areas of project management. Finally, they set out challenges and future opportunities around project data analytics especially with regard to leadership, teamwork, and talent management.@en

The upsurge of digitalization in many sectors has been associated with better environmental outcomes. Recent policy change and international convergence has shown Net Zero (NZ) vision as a means of controlling global greenhouse gas emissions. This article focuses on construction sector and the complex transition to NZ through digital twins (DTs). It does so via a system thinking approach, 53 interviews, and 2 focus groups with DT experts. The key factors of this dual 'digital and green' transition are breaking down silos, collaborating across the supply chain and the need for a data-oriented approach in analyzing input, processing, and output of the DTs. Apart from unravelling the factors on how individual (asset) DTs can support NZ, their aggregates in a connected DT system of systems are also crucial to addressing the complexity of this transition at a larger scale. The article also offers new insights on the orchestrators of such system of DT systems and their governance mechanisms in meeting NZ. Additionally, one emergent finding relates to the evolution of associated concepts and terminologies. By identifying the complexity factors, this article also contributes to the management of increased risk that accompanies growing complexity.

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Amidst the disruptive backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations are navigating toward a new normal, leveraging digital technologies to reconfigure business processes and operational practices. This study delves into the transformative effects of digitalization on project management, with a focus on integrating data-savvy talent in a data-rich era. Employing a mixed methods approach, data were collected from June to November 2022, providing a comprehensive blend of various perspectives. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted successively in this study to explore the formation mechanism of digital competence of talents in project management and analyze the practical experience and expectations on the impact of data-savvy talents on project management. This study highlights the crucial role of organizations in actively shaping digital competencies to align with the changing demands of project management. It also emphasizes the increasing importance of data-savvy talents, whose intrinsic understanding of digital technologies and business models is essential in transforming the project management landscape. The outcomes of this study offer both theoretical insights into the nexus of digital competence, talent management, and project management, and practical guidelines for effectively integrating new talents into project management practices.@en

Purpose
Off-Site Construction (OSC) has received much government and public attention during and after COVID. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an initiative discussed widely to promote OSC implementation. Although many policy promotions have been published, there are many challenges to implementing BIM and OSC in real life and questions of whether they really offer value to healthcare design professionals. This research aims to investigate BIM and OSC to understand their commonalities and differences of challenges by collecting empirical evidence from China’s healthcare construction.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory research adopted a mixed method with a questionnaire survey and interviews. A total of 261 questionnaires were received (with 183 valid), followed by 31 semi-structured interviews.

Findings
This research reveals that although both OSC and BIM face similar adoption challenges and suspicious attitudes in real-life projects, their challenges’ connotations and reasons are different. OSC faces scepticism for its customisation costs and technical constraints, while BIM is seen as limited in utility and complex to integrate. Highlighting these as socio-technical challenges, the research advocates for an integrated framework to effectively implement OSC and BIM, addressing both technical and collaborative needs in healthcare construction.

Originality/value
This research examines OSC and BIM within the context of healthcare construction, a focus that is relatively underexplored. The research provides a juxtaposition of the perceived and practical challenges of adopting these technologies, revealing a gap between the industry’s expectations and the current capabilities of OSC and BIM, thereby contributing to the development of modern methods of design in healthcare.
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The digital transformation in project management is causing disruption on how the organizations recognize and value the skills and expertise of the new data-savvy talents in organization’s decision-making processes for improved project delivery. Existing research on digital transformation in projects has mainly focused on what technologies can help organizations and people achieve, without connecting to the disruptions that technologies bring to projects human and social capital. To address this deficiency and harness the data-rich era, there is a need to go beyond the prevailing technical line of thought and think about people’s issues in project settings. Therefore, this research aims to examine talent management initiatives for project management professionals on how they can exploit the inherent advantages of the data-rich era and digital transformation to build an inclusive workplace. The study poses two research objectives, first to understand how project management professionals experience the trends of the data-rich era in the project environment and data-savvy talent (also in light of the changing demographics in the sector) and second to identify the opportunities and obstacles for managing project management talent to deliver projects in the data-rich era. To answer these questions, this paper uses semi-structured interviews from a purposive sample of 24 interviewees with diverse project management experience. The interviewees were recruited from three main categories of stakeholders from industry, academia, and professional institutions. The research through qualitative data analysis and abductive thinking first identifies an overemphasis on developing data-savvy talent in the expense of attracting or retaining it. Second, the study documents the existence of six clusters of opportunities and obstacles in delivering of projects through data savvy project management talent. Accordingly, the identified themes/clusters of connectivity, communication, information management, project delivery, disruption, and project work and wellbeing provide new directions for talent management practices such as attracting, developing and retaining data-savvy talent in the data-rich era.@en

Net Zero relates to decarbonisation efforts to tackle climate change by not adding new emissions to the atmosphere. Reaching Net Zero depends on datafication and digitisation as data on carbon emissions collected across assets’ lifecycle are important for neutralising them. This study aims to understand how technological ecosystems such as Digital Twins – that connect physical and digital artefacts – can support a Net Zero vision in the built environment, in an industry-agnostic way to transfer any relevant lessons from other sectors. The method is a systematic literature review that structures new knowledge on the topic. The study showed that environment sustainability has been an overused idea in scientific literature, yet rarely operationalised. A scarcity of studies utilising the potential of digital twins for Net Zero was found. The emergent themes are: overreliance on technocratic solutions at the expense of systems thinking, proliferation of renewable sources and misunderstandings regarding visualisation necessity, and showing pathways for future DT system design for Net Zero.

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Project management practices are being profoundly changed due to a combination of demographics and technological advancements. This study exploresthe question of how the data-rich era is transforming the talent pipeline in projectwork. We followed a mixed methodology between June and November 2022 to benefit from diverse data and perspectives.We undertook an international survey with 124 responses and semi-structured interviews from a purposive sample of 24 interviewees to investigate the trends, areas of impact and key points of attention. The studyshows that organizational talent support and clear digital competence requirements will significantly affect the development of personal digital competence. Especially developing and training talents play a more important role than attracting new talents and retaining existing talents. Additionally, individual digital competence and a clear definition of digital applications in projectswill enormously enhance the performance of individuals in project environments.@en

We are witnessing an increased interest and advanced developments of Digital Twins (DT) across different industries; manufacturing, construction, oil and gas, aerospace, energy or healthcare among others. Some actors are already realising that the power of DTs goes beyond efficiency gains and cost savings for internal processes, and recognise the potential of DT to enable the design of new service offerings. Uncovering the potential of DT in the development of new value propositions may lead firms to business model transformations, particularly to the expansion of servitization strategies. Thus, there is a need for more research exploring DT as a service enabler, and shedding light on the typologies and characteristics of these innovative digital services. To address the need for a more comprehensive understanding of DT-based services, we develop a taxonomy able to classify and characterise services enabled by DT. To develop this novel DT-based services taxonomy, we drew upon literature review and use cases. In our ongoing research, four main dimensions emerged to configure a taxonomy of digital twin-based services: service recipient, target operand resource, service content and service pricing model. The proposed taxonomy is intended to be useful in the understanding of the current DT-based service offerings and design principles. In addition, the taxonomy has potential to be used as a practical tool for service providers in the development of new DT-based services.

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The systematic combination of interdependent technologies forms the basis of the cyber-physical systems that underpin its digital transformation. New business ecosystems and meta-organisations, such as platforms, are transforming industries widely and are underpinned by digital innovations. This chapter discusses related organising mechanisms and proposes a methodology for generating them in the built environment. It presents business ecosystems, using empirical examples from a range of industries to illustrate how they evolve and operate. The chapter also discusses these principles by contrasting the approaches taken by 'digital natives', to those incumbent firms that develop ecosystems through evolutionary processes. Designers achieve modularity by precisely partitioning information into visible design rules and hidden design parameters. The approach to organising for digitalisation differs between new entrants and incumbent firms. Designing with future states in the forefront is a freeing experience because it removes the design team from the addiction of the latest trend.

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This study aims to use modularity to impact various facets of Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) and explore the relationship between product modularity, process modularity, and DfMA within the context of Offsite Construction (OSC). The study fills this gap through an exploratory single case study by identifying perceptual measures of these three concepts. The study shows the alignment between multi-dimensionality of modularity, such as product modularity and process modularity, enhances the capability of DfMA. From a modularity perspective, the reconfiguration of abstraction, information hiding, and interface is an essential strategy to change the traditional design process. This reconfiguration is to adapt to the new scenarios brought by OSC and digital fabrication technologies and the new design tasks associated with these scenarios. This study has theoretical implications for the modular approach to DfMA and practical implications for those who expect digital fabrication techniques in offsite construction.

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We are witnessing an increased interest and advanced developments of Digital Twins (DT) across different industries; manufacturing, construction, oil and gas, aerospace, energy or healthcare among others. Some actors are already realising that the power of DTs goes beyond efficiency gains and cost savings for internal processes, and recognise the potential of DT to enable the design of new service offerings. Uncovering the potential of DT in the development of new value propositions may lead firms to business model transformations, particularly to the expansion of servitization strategies. Thus, there is a need for more research exploring DT as a service enabler, and shedding light on the typologies and characteristics of these innovative digital services. To address the need for a more comprehensive understanding of DT-based services, we develop a taxonomy able to classify and characterise services enabled by DT. To develop this novel DT-based services taxonomy, we drew upon literature review and use cases. In our ongoing research, four main dimensions emerged to configure a taxonomy of digital twin-based services: service recipient, target operand resource, service content and service pricing model. The proposed taxonomy is intended to be useful in the understanding of the current DT-based service offerings and design principles. In addition, the taxonomy has potential to be used as a practical tool for service providers in the development of new DT-based services.@en

An academic-industry team present the results of research conducted into the current benefits being derived from the use of digital twins across the entire life cycle of an asset. We reviewed the benefits being derived by the asset management community as this is where through life productivity and effectiveness benefits will be realised. We conducted a review of relevant literature, surveyed 122 practitioners and worked with our industry partner and the UK professional body to validate our conclusions. Specifically, (1) We examined the current application of digital twins in three industry sectors: Process industries; Infrastructure (Civil Engineering); and Manufacturing. (2) We grouped our data according to role types, i.e., professionals working predominantly in the design and build, and professionals in the operation and maintenance part of the lifecycle. As regards the sector results, we found the responses contradictory. When we control by role type, the results are more cohesive. Individuals involved in the operation and maintenance stages consistently indicated that digital twins are not delivering to their promise. We present a series of problem statements to define the current state, together with some managerial recommendations and we propose further work to establish detailed guidance for infrastructure sector projects.@en

Digital technologies radically change the increasingly complex world of projects, and bring new opportunities and threats to the field. This chapter discusses the potential of blockchain technology for project organising, by looking at the three domains of project organising (Winch, 2014): (a) project-based firms (PBFs), (b) projects and programmes and (c) owners and operators and their interfaces: commercial, resourcing/es, and governance. Through a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS), we first review key applications of blockchain in project organising and afterwards, through a meta-review, we present use cases in project-based sectors. The conclusions are that the opportunities for the permanent interfaces of owners/operators and Project-based Firms (PBFs) abound, especially regarding financing, but without business model innovation, whereas the temporary resourcing interface can benefit from applications in logistics that reduce complex material flows. Although there are blockchain use cases in human resources and governance, these are not fully exploited yet in projects.@en