Modeling of Coolant Leakage in Two-Phase Cooling Systems within the CMS Experiment

Master thesis (2024)

Authors

D. Balbuena Silvestre Aerospace Engineering

Contributors

A. Menicucci Space Systems Egineering (mentor)
A. Cervone (graduation committee member)
D. Modesti Aerodynamics - Aerospace Engineering (graduation committee member)
F. Dragoni CERN (mentor)
Faculty
Aerospace Engineering
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Published Date

27-09-2024

Language

English

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Faculty

Aerospace Engineering

Abstract

The management of toxic leaks in confined environments, such as CERN's experimental caverns and space habitats, is crucial due to potential risks to human life. This thesis examines aggressive carbon dioxide releases from CERN's 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL) system, used in both terrestrial (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) and extraterrestrial (AMS) experiments. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to assess the severity of various failure modes. A two-dimensional analysis of the immediate leak area showed that shock waves travel up to 30 centimeters from the failure point. Subsequent three-dimensional simulations in the CMS experimental cavern (UXC55) revealed that while the upper cavern floors are well-protected, the lower floors pose significant risks due to semi-confined spaces and worse ventilation. Recommendations include the use of oxygen deficiency monitors, self-rescue masks, and detailed evacuation plans to enhance worker safety.

Files

MSc_Thesis_Report.pdf
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