Bone cell response to additively manufactured 3D micro-architectures with controlled Poisson's ratio

Auxetic vs. non-auxetic meta-biomaterials

Journal article (2024)

Authors

E. Yarali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Ebrahim Yarali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
M. Klimopoulou Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Maria Klimopoulou Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
M.K. David ChemE/O&O groep - AS
P. Boukany ChemE/Product and Process Engineering - AS
U. Staufer Micro and Nano Engineering - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Lidy Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
L. E. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
E.L. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Amir Abbas Zadpoor Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
A. A. Zadpoor Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Amir A. Zadpoor Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
A.A. Zadpoor Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Angelo Accardo Micro and Nano Engineering - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
A. Accardo Micro and Nano Engineering - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Mohammad Javad Mirzaali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Mohammad J. Mirzaali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Research Group
Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics (Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering) (TU Delft)
More Info
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Published Date

2024

Language

English

Faculty

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Department

Biomechanical Engineering

Research Group

Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics

Abstract

The Poisson's ratio and elastic modulus are two parameters determining the elastic behavior of biomaterials. While the effects of elastic modulus on the cell response is widely studied, very little is known regarding the effects of the Poisson's ratio. The micro-architecture of meta-biomaterials determines not only the Poisson's ratio but also several other parameters that also influence cell response, such as porosity, pore size, and effective elastic modulus. It is, therefore, very challenging to isolate the effects of the Poisson's ratio from those of other micro-architectural parameters. Here, we computationally design meta-biomaterials with controlled Poisson's ratios, ranging between -0.74 and +0.74, while maintaining consistent porosity, pore size, and effective elastic modulus. The 3D meta-biomaterials were additively manufactured at the micro-scale using two-photon polymerization (2PP), and were mechanically evaluated at the meso‑scale. The response of murine preosteoblasts to these meta-biomaterials was then studied using in vitro cell culture models. Meta-biomaterials with positive Poisson's ratios resulted in higher metabolic activity than those with negative values. The cells could attach and infiltrate all meta-biomaterials from the bottom to the top, fully covering the scaffolds after 17 days of culture. Interestingly, the meta-biomaterials exhibited different cell-induced deformations (e.g., shrinkage or local bending) as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The outcomes of osteogenic differentiation (i.e., Runx2 immunofluorescent staining) and matrix mineralization (i.e., Alizarin red staining) assays indicated the significant potential impact of these meta-biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering, paving the way for the development of advanced bone meta-implants. Statement of significance: We studied the influence of Poisson's ratio on bone cell response in meta-biomaterials. While elastic modulus effects are well-studied, the impact of Poisson's ratio, especially negative values found in architected biomaterials, remains largely unexplored. The complexity arises from intertwined micro-architectural parameters, such as porosity and elastic modulus, making it challenging to isolate the Poisson's ratio. To overcome this limitation, this study employed rational computational design to create meta-biomaterials with controlled Poisson's ratios, alongside consistent effective elastic modulus, porosity, and pore size. The study reveals that two-photon polymerized 3D meta-biomaterials with positive Poisson's ratios displayed higher metabolic activity, while all the developed meta-biomaterials supported osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts as well as matrix mineralization. The outcomes pave the way for the development of advanced 3D bone tissue models and meta-implants.