Unsustainable waste management systems, including waste dumping, burning, and littering, are significant challenges in the modern era. These unsustainable waste management practices impact regional development by posing a threat to environmental, social, and economic growth. The hazardous contaminants released from waste burning or unprotected disposal have a destructive impact on both human health and the environment, causing habitat damage, climate change, and disease transmission. Furthermore, unsustainable waste management systems contribute to resource depletion and emissions of greenhouse gases and, as a result, the acceleration of global warming. Regarding the financial aspect, unsustainable waste management systems place pressure on local governments and communities by diverting resources that could have been used in educational and health sectors, damaging the regional economy, increasing healthcare costs, and causing higher resource expenditures and productivity losses.
As a case study, this thesis project examines the waste management system in the Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. The key objective is to provide a transformational strategy for the regional waste management system by addressing the central research question: “How can the waste management system in the Chernihiv Oblast be transformed to address regional sustainability challenges?” As a result, the research employs an exploratory case study method that guides the analysis of the current state of the waste management system, examines effective systems within the European Union, and tailors these practices and initiatives to the local context.
The method helps identify the region’s challenges and prospects for the transformation towards a sustainable waste management system. The primary issues include underdeveloped infrastructure, limited funding, and low public awareness and participation. The present waste management system entails unsorted waste collection and landfilling with little or no consideration for recycling or resource recovery, which, as a result, has adverse effects on the environment, public health, and resource efficiency.
The study of the European Union’s systems and practices reveals that member states have holistic and long-term strategies for the waste management sector. In general, the European Union can be described as having a sound regulatory environment, technology advancement, and high citizen engagement. The key initiatives include extended producer responsibility, advanced waste sorting and treatment technologies, and circular economy principles, which have demonstrated significant results in improving resource preservation.
As a result, the research provides relevant recommendations to national and regional governments that can contribute to the further transformation of the Chernihiv Oblast’s waste management system. Moreover, such recommendations seek to contribute to the overall development of the waste management sector, where the transformation is viewed as both necessary and gainful. It is possible to build and implement a sustainable waste management system by learning from the European Union’s challenges and implementing the most effective techniques. In a nutshell, this transformation requires the definition of clear environmental, social and economic values, the implementation of modern waste sorting and treatment technologies, market and government support, and, most importantly, a collaborative contribution from the stakeholders. Altogether, this will allow for long-term resource efficiency and sustainability, thereby improving the Chernihiv Oblast’s environment, economy, and social well-being.

Recently, there has been a concern about the lack of information transfer of knowledge we learn from experimental projects to practice making the transition to sustainable cities possible. Previous studies have focused on what we learn from experimental projects. However, we know little about how to implement the lessons learned in business-as-usual management practices to catalyze sustainable urban transitions in the construction sector. This research investigates how management practices can learn from experimental projects to transform business-as-usual. The research is conducted in three parts: 1) the theoretical research, covering a theoretic review of concepts related to the learning-to-transforming dynamics; 2) empirical research, covering three nested case studies on urban area developments via semi-structured interviews and 3) syntheses, bringing all findings together in an overarching strategy on how to transform business-as-usual in organizations. It can be concluded that management practices learn inner-organizationally where learning is the process that comes before transforming. Whether learning from experiments results in transforming current ways of working depends on the learning intent and the capacity to change. With a high capacity to change, the opportunity to learn and transform as an organization significantly increases.

This study examines how citizen engagement strategies can facilitate more inclusive participation for enhancing liveability in urban area development. With growing demands for citizen involvement in decision-making processes, particularly in light of the new Environment and Planning Act, developers often face challenges such as increased objections, unrealistic expectations, and potential delays. This study aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research on citizen participation and practical challenges of engagement in urban development. It examines two case studies: the Defensie-eiland project in Woerden and the Piekstraat development in Rotterdam. The Defensie-eiland project has already implemented citizen engagement strategies during its transformation from a former military site into a mixed-use neighbourhood. The Piekstraat project, on the other hand, is an ongoing development aiming to revitalize a historic dockland area. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, including exploratory interviews, documentation analysis, in-depth stakeholder interviews and a validating citizen survey. The findings aim to contribute to the academic discourse on sustainable urban development by highlighting the importance of citizen participation in shaping liveable and inclusive neighbourhoods. The thesis concludes with recommendations for practitioners on how to implement the proposed strategies effectively, highlighting the need for context-specific approaches, transparent communication, and the use of hybrid participation models. Digital tools show the capacity to engage traditionally underrepresented groups more effectively. The plan's success hinges on a team with strong commitment and a clear objective.

Long-term, large-scale empirical studies on the simultaneous development of transport infrastructure and the built environment are scarce. This thesis provides a future high-speed railway infrastructure implementation alternative based on the Dutch cultural landscape from Zwolle to Groningen. Our design goal is to better connect Amsterdam and provinces in the north of the Netherlands including Overijssel, Drenthe, Groningen by using a faster, more efficient and sustainable high-speed railway solution to replace the Lelyline solution proposed by the Dutch government based on traditional trains.

The author has systematically evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of various railway routing options, and based on this, proposed an optimal alignment. Then, the landscape typologies alongside the optimal alignment are concluded and the sustainable landscape interventions with the high-speed railway viaducts on those landscape typologies are elaborated into a catalogue, which will be not only meaningful for Zwolle-Groningen, but also will provide inspiration and guideline for future high-speed rail design projects in similar landscape context worldwide.
Afterwards, following the principles of sustainable development and theory of infrastructure as landscape, five unique sites along the optimal alignment are chosen to showcase the landscape architecture interventions in relationship with the rich Dutch cultural landscape. The outcome is a design proposal of the high-speed railway itinerary and landscape mitigation measures to its surroundings including both built and natural environment.

The 15-minute city is an urban planning concept which seeks to enhance social sustainability by improving accessibility. In this master thesis accessibility in Amsterdam Nieuw-West is explored to better understand the link between the 15-minute city concept and social sustainability to answer the research question: To what extent is the 15-minute city able to enhance social sustainability? Empirical research is conducted to identify the indicators that truly affect accessibility. Literature regarding the subject has pointed out two scale levels which affect accessibility. The macro scale relates to accessibility of the infrastructure network and availability of facilities while the micro scale relates to the indicators affecting the accessibility of a place. There where also two categories of accessibility indicators defined. Physical accessibility indicators experienced directly because of the built environment and social accessibility indicators experienced because of the behaviour of people inhabiting the built environment. This creates an interesting dynamic of the designed physical accessibility and the social accessibility resulting from it. After the initial literature review, three research methods were used in the case study in Amsterdam Nieuw-West. First two project mangers affiliated with the municipality were interviewed which alongside case study documents aided the framework of known accessibility indicators in Nieuw-West. Thereafter, the way accessibility is experienced was studied on both scale levels. The macro scale by interviewing residents about their decision making process regarding their routes and destinations utilising mental maps and the micro scale by street interviews with users of Osdorpplein. The findings show that the 15-minute city concept is not applicable as a one size fits all solution for urban development as that would be discriminatory because of the different desires and capabilities of inhabitants. However, indicators of the 15-minute city on their own are able to improve accessibility and thus social sustainability.

Local referendums are part of the local democracy and give citizens more direct discission power by their votes.The instrument can be used by the citizens to express their resistance towards the municipal plans or used by the municipality to consult their citizens about their plans. In the Netherlands, local referendums are despite their non-binding character still used nowadays. This instrument is also used for Urban Area Development plans, such as Amsterdam IJburg (1997) whereby citizens and special interest groups were concerned about the loss of nature in the area due to the large-scale land reclamation project. Another example is Arnhem Stadsblokken-Meinerswijk (2016), whereby a group of citizens expressed their concerns about building in the floodplains after the national policy ‘ruimte voor de rivier’ was introduced to make more space for the river instead of building in these areas. Until now, studies have been done about local referendums in general, the topics, about voting behaviour and the frequency of it. In addition, some research has been done on local referendums in urban development areas in Europe and America. However, studies about the added value of a local referendum in the Netherlands specifically about Urban Area Developments are missing. The report answers the following research question: How can a local referendum for urban area development contribute to the design and decision-making? The goal of the research is to gain a better understanding of the added value of a local referendum used for larger urban area development topics and how this influences design and decision-making. The research question will be answered by a literature review and the use of qualitative data, including interviews and archive documents on the case studies of IJburg and Stadsblokken-Meinerswijk. The research output is a list of recommendations for municipalities, on how the local referendum process can be improved specifically for UAD topics. The added value of local referendums for urban area development topics is mainly the contribution to legitimate decision-making. Also, citizens have more decision power next to the regular voting moments. In addition, the arguments on how this plan will support the city become clearer. Besides, the counter arguments and doubts about the plan are better heard than without a referendum. This research shows that conflicting public values, such as environmental values and development values, can by using a referendum create more awareness and could even turn into a positive outcome. However, from the analysis of the interviews, it became clear that there is a desire for an alternative form of referendums for UAD due to its more complex character wherein many interests are involved. The recommendations are mainly focused on the implementation of communication in the process. A participation process included in the referendum process is regarded as an essential part for municipalities and citizens to produce a coherent and feasible solution. This could even avoid conflict and thus corrective referendums.

Due to the limited quantitative and qualitative supply of elderly housing and an increasing demand for alternative housing forms, more and more resident initiatives arise in the Netherlands. However, it is evident from these resident initiatives that municipal processes lack focus, cooperation and experience with resident initiatives such as collective private commissioning projects. Therefore, this research aimed to explore how municipalities can better facilitate collective private commissioning (CPC) to respond to the increasing demand for elderly housing in urban areas.

Literature review and desk research were conducted to create a theoretical framework; and to gain more insights into the concept, demand and useful instruments to facilitate CPC projects. CPC can be defined as a social project development method in which a group of future residents jointly have decision making authority and full responsibility for the use of the land and/or the building, the design and (re)development of their own private and public spaces, and sometimes even facilities, in a transformation, renovation, or newly-built housing project.
Based on the theoretical framework, a qualitative study was conducted to discover the motives and experiences of municipalities when facilitating CPC. Seven municipalities were interviewed to create an overview of barriers and opportunities. These barriers and opportunities were made clear based on the theoretical framework.

The results are presented in the form of a list of barriers and opportunities in relation to an instrument quadrant. The findings support the philosophy behind the quadrant: that more than one quadrant results in effective steering. Therefore, the general conclusion on how to better facilitate CPC projects is: to make use of multiple governance and maximize the soft steering aspects. The opportunities that are identified can help (radical, or soft) to better facilitate CPC projects.

This thesis focuses on the challenges Istanbul faces due to extensive urbanisation and global warming. The metropole has become vulnerable to climate change, especially to the increasing threat of floods. As a result of urbanisation and poor city planning, the green spaces have decreased considerably in Istanbul, which reduced stormwater retention considerably. This is concerning, as green infrastructure provide ecosystem services that can serve as flood control. The thesis describes the context of Istanbul’s flood governance, including international, national and metropolitan flood policies and Istanbul’s flood resilience actor-network. In Istanbul’s flood risk management plans, the role that green infrastructure can play in flood control has been neglected. To meet this gap, this study aims to analyse how green infrastructure could enhance Istanbul’s flood resilience. Fatih is one of the oldest districts in Istanbul and is taken as a case study due to its high vulnerability to flash floods. The study presents a case study on Fatih with a spatial approach to monitor flood resilience and ecosystem services through green infrastructures that can foster resilience. A Geographic Information System in combination with a multi-criteria evaluation is used as a tool to identify priority areas for green infrastructure investments. Finally, the effect of three green infrastructure investments is analysed. The research finds that the indicators proposed by Li et al. (2016) are appropriate to use to analyse the priority areas for green infrastructure investment. These indicators reflect a system approach as they include technical, environmental as well as social variables. This is important for the city of Istanbul, as they provide a holistic framework with these indicators. Furthermore, using the flood map provided by ISKI, the flood sensitive areas in Fatih have been identified, and especially the infrastructures surrounding the main boulevard are subject to flooding. Molla Gürani resulted to be the neighbourhood being most flood vulnerable, and therefore the main priority is for green infrastructure development. For this neighbourhood, increased green infrastructure is modelled. The results show a significant reduction in flood vulnerability, which concludes the part green infrastructure have in flood control. The thesis concludes that there is no one-size-fits-all response to enhance flood resilience. Especially since flood resilience is not only based on flood mitigation but rather coping and transforming from floods. Green area investments prove useful to enhance resilience, as these investments provide benefits that can transform the resilience of urban flood management into a more adaptive state due to the nature of the ecosystem services. This research proposes a few recommendations for decision-makers in Istanbul to take into consideration.

Real estate is one of the highest expenditures in almost every business. External disruptions, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, created a significant shift in business operations. This disruption accentuated the importance of resilience as a fundamental operational factor against uncertainties. Corporate real estate (CRE) industries need to be resilient in their processes to respond to the inevitable disruptions and anticipate future opportunities. Nevertheless, in recent years, resilience is becoming a rather broad and ambiguous concept that has been used repeatedly in different contexts. This research was aimed to address and advance resilience in various CRE asset classes to overcome external problems and increase preparedness during uncertainties. This study attempted to re-conceptualise resilience, by exploring the current definitions of resilience. The redefined concept of resilience was then reflected to different asset classes of CRE. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide the contextual definition and features of resilience, as well as to assess the value of resilient CRE to an organisation. Subsequently, a resilience framework was composed based on the findings from both theoretical and empirical studies. The framework was then utilised to assess resilience in within-class and across-class analyses. The within-class analysis evaluated the extent of resilient approaches in an asset class, whereas cross-class analysis attempted to explore how resilience can be achieved and optimised in a particular asset class. Furthermore, additional synthesis between theoretical and empirical findings was conducted to further maintain resilience in a longer time span. Here, continuous improvement was identified as a determining factor for the sustenance of resilience. The output of this research provided a theoretical basis for resilient CRE and applicable suggestions to improve and maintain resilience capability in an organisational CRE.

Urban mobility is a complex socio-technical system. An important part is the behaviour of mobility users, which is in this study defined as being driven by mobility opportunities and perceptions of mobility. This case study in the Tarwewijk in Rotterdam explores what influences those opportunities and perceptions, with a specific focus on income and ethnicity. From mobility data and street interviews followed that income is most important to car ownership, while ethnicity is an important determinant of bike ownership. Other important factors for mobility behaviour include the travel time, the distance to important destinations like schools and shops, and the perception of ease of travel. Combining the diversity of driving factors with three pathways towards sustainable mobility leads to the conclusion that effective sustainable mobility policy is aimed at disrupting the car mobility system, designing a more walkable city and targeting groups based on their specific perception of mobility.

Cities coop with the problem of increasing demand for housing due to urbanisation, while trying to maintain and improve its attractiveness and city image. Improving attractiveness and the city image can be achieved by urban renewal. In Rotterdam, The National Programme Rotterdam-Zuid (NPRZ) was initiated to tackle the disadvantages and improve the quality of life in Rotterdam-Zuid (the worst neighbourhood of The Netherlands). An image and economic improvement was realised in Rotterdam-Zuid. However, too little residents of Rotterdam-Zuid did benefit from this economic improvement. More positive impacts in the area are necessary and urban renewal could improve these areas. However, urban renewal occurs at a too low pace. A positive impact for this process is necessary. An event can succeed in catalysing urban renewal, by strategically planning the event beforehand. As a result, the event can deliver hard and soft impacts on the area. After the Netherlands won the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) in May 2019 in Tel Aviv, the city of Rotterdam was chosen as the host city of the ESC 2020 in Ahoy Rotterdam. Ahoy Rotterdam is located in Rotterdam-Zuid. This event could be an opportunity for Rotterdam to positively impact the renewal of Rotterdam-Zuid and indirectly improve the city’s attractiveness and image. The problem which this research tries to tackle is how to positively impact the urban renewal of Rotterdam-Zuid by strategically planning the Eurovision Song Contest 2020/2021. This research aims to explore and understand the benefits of hosting cultural events, like the Eurovision Song Contest, in relation to their contribution to urban renewal. Based on the defined problem, the following main question is formed for this research: “Which elements when hosting a cultural great event could positively impact and catalyse urban renewal?” To answer the main question a qualitative approach was chosen. This approach includes a literature review, explorative semi-structured interviews with experts and a case study of the urban renewal project Hart van Zuid (HvZ) in relation to the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) in Rotterdam. For this case study, reports have been analysed and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of both HvZ and the ESC have been held. From the results of literature, explorative interviews, case description and case study interviews it can be concluded that social impacts occur the most and on a short-term basis. An important observation which has been made is the importance of a connection in the form of a relationship between the event and the urban renewal project. The impacts that have been found are divided in the categories of social impact, economic impacts and physical impact. First, side-events are mentioned as an important means to create a social impact on an area. Important is that these side-events have a character that shows the identity of the location, otherwise local people do not feel attracted to these events. Secondly, economic impacts are based on tourism generated by the event. For this impact, no necessary steps need to be taken by the municipality or other hosting organisation. Tourism leads to higher spending in the area and new facilities created by the urban renewal project captures this impact to create a positive long-term economic spin-off. Lastly, the physical impact is, due to the short preparation time, not as present as a social and/or economic impact. Opportunities like creating a marker in the area, speeding up the existing planning of urban renewal and using city dressing for the delivery of the buildings are however mentioned. This research suggests important elements which can be used to increase the successfulness and realisation of these social, economic and physical impacts.

Due to the urbanization, it is expected the world’s population will increasingly live in urban areas. Therefore, there is a growing concern about diverse urban problems, such as climate change, emissions, congestion and the quality of life in cities. Hereby, urban mobility systems can be an important factor to solve these problems. Besides, new developments in ICT, the adaptation of smartphones, the increasing availability of data and are changing current mobility systems in cities by creating new possibilities for the application of smart solutions. An example of these new smart solutions is new shared mobility services. New shared mobility services (.e.g. car sharing, ride-hailing and bike-sharing, etc) are technology-based, on-demand and provide alternatives to traditional transport models. These services are seen as an opportunity for more sustainable transport in the city and to address equity in transportation. But without thoughtful planning, there is no guarantee this will happen. Moreover, giving the fact that virtual mobility is growing by the enhancement of ICT and will potentially be a replacement for physical mobility these shared mobility services can bring new equity barriers and opportunities for disadvantaged neighbourhoods. This research will focus on shared mobility services in the context of Rotterdam-South. The area of Rotterdam-South is an urban renewal area, which is struggling with large concentration socio-economic problems. Besides, studies have shown that the inhabitants of Rotterdam-South are the least mobile and suffer from transportation poverty, causing them to come across more barriers to the accessibility of various services and opportunities. Based on the defined problem, the following main research question is formulated for this research: “In what way can public parties use shared mobility services to stimulate urban neighbourhood renewal in Rotterdam-South?”. To answer the main research question it was decided that a qualitative approach would be appropriate. The qualitative method includes the review of literature, interviews with advisors, the municipality and providers of shared mobility service in combination with a case study of the neighbourhood Tarwewijk, which is located in Rotterdam-South. From the results, it can be concluded that by the implementation of shared mobility services in a disadvantaged neighbourhood, public parties can positively affect and stimulate two aspects of urban renewal. These are the social and environmental conditions of a neighbourhood. Although the implementation of shared mobilities can offer opportunities for urban renewal areas, it can also bring several barriers and challenges. So, before implementing shared mobility services to stimulate urban renewal, public parties must consider how to implement policies/strategies. This to ensure that the barriers to using these shared mobilities are eliminated. Hereby, this research has suggested several policies and strategies for public parties.

The new industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, is already emerging as also the challenges that will arise with its actual implementation. Industry 4.0 is new reality, but it hasn’t been yet fully developed. As a result, there isn’t enough practical knowledge on what will affect the location of the new industries. In order to meet the changes of Industry 4.0, the Netherlands developed an agenda under the name “Smart Industry” with various actions for promoting it, and one of them are the “Fieldlabs”. Fieldlabs are practical experimental environments for innovation, created by multiple actors in which they cooperate in order to succeed in implementing innovative projects in the industrial sector. These fieldlabs are annually multiplied in the Netherlands and can affect the relations of the urban fabric, since people from knowledge institutions, companies and governmental authorities cooperate and co-work in them. The goal of this report is to investigate if and which spatial conditions have an impact on the location choice of these fieldlabs. In order to do this the location factors affecting the fieldlabs will be researched. These location factors are gathered, analyzed and tested on different types of fieldlabs. A literature review on the concepts, will be held together with surveys and case studies in order to approach methodically the goal of this master thesis. Semi-structured interviews with representatives of the fieldlabs are conducted for analyzing better the case studies and getting more useful insights. As an outcome, the main research question is answered and concluded into the location factors that influence the location choice of the Dutch Industry 4.0 fieldlabs. The three main factors are; the core stakeholders and the scope of the fieldlab, from an organizational point of view; the financial power of the fieldlab from an organizational point of view, that translates to dependency on available location; and the network of partners of the fieldlab from a spatial point of view, since it drives the fieldlab to be located in the relevant locations that the network is situated. This research is also including a plan approach with spatial guidelines for supporting the future fieldlabs selecting their ideal location and the cities in order to organize them better, as also relative guidelines for policymakers in order to gain the maximum experience out of the generation of fieldlabs for the future spatial planning.

Starting from the acknowledgment of cities as the spontaneous and obvious theatre for civic and politics, aim of this research is to understand how and if is there a way to work, as policy makers towards a just city. Based on Fainstein definition, the term justice is the one “encompassing equity, democracy, and diversity”. Said that, is it possible to pinpoint a frame of preconditions that are essential to any urban area development in order to be considered just? Is it just a Utopia or is it an ideal worth to strive for? In order to answer those questions, an ethical definition of such concepts needs to be researched and stated. The role of management in the built environment, urban planning, and design need to be defined as well, particularly with a transdisciplair approach. How does urban planning development affect the different actors that are going to use the area? What does it mean, considering the shaping of the urban in the future?
The filer of the gap created by urban planning theory and reality becomes even more direct when talking about such a concrete base concept as justice (Young, 1990). Therefore, aim of this research is not to look-analyse but to listen-understand the specific Urban Area Development Project in order to understand the reasons behind the decisions making process, to unpack the aspirations of both policy makers and designers. Looking at HavanStad as a specific case study this graduation research will make clear how these actors have been dealing with accessibility and the right to the city.

Currently, cities are in the midst of a transportation transition, namely, from human-driven to driverless vehicles. Because of the rapid development of technology, many systems are being automated or even becoming autonomous. Autonomous means that the system is able to perform each task automatically without any human intervention. Much research has been conducted to find answers to the way autonomous vehicles might impact cities. However, the results of this research are limited in practical application, because the integration of autonomous systems is still in an early stage and there have not been many integration projects in the world yet. In the Netherlands, more and more pilot projects are being established to explore the impact and applicability of driverless vehicles. As such, this exploratory study analyses how autonomous vehicles have been integrated during the autonomous vehicle transition in the Netherlands. Alongside qualitative research methods including desk research and semi-structured interviews, an analysis framework is designed and used as a means to measure the technical, social, environmental, and regulatory challenges represented in five case studies. The results show that the main challenges are, among others, road obstacles, intersections, weather implications, communication between the shuttle and other traffic flows, communication between the project team and the inhabitants of the area, and restrictions from the Dutch Vehicle Authority. Challenges such as weather implications, road obstacles, and intersections occur in each project. Looking at the current technological developments, there are autonomous vehicles that can pass intersections and obstacles already. The inability to deal with these challenges could be explained by the high costs of the technology.

Global trends such as digitalization and the Internet of Things have influenced cities and the lives of residents deeply in recent years. In this digital age, cities turn toward SMART solutions, where they ultimately hope to find new innovative ways of accommodating their citizen’s fundamental needs such as clean drinking water, efficient sewage systems, road traffic and logistical systems or fire and flood control. On the one hand digitalization offers so far unexplored opportunities. On the other hand new issues, such as cyber security and privacy need to be addressed. Apart from these new developments, there are long-standing challenges and the question of who the city belongs to, which are furthering the prevailing inequality in cities and metropolitan areas. These issues are reflected in socio-economic segregation, meaning the widening gap between rich and poor, and the development of ‘concentration areas’, which are the result of economic disadvantage and social inequality.
This research aims at unravelling the benefits of the digital age with regard to managing and enhancing urban dynamics on a very local scale. Here, big data offers the opportunity of retrieving real-time data with regard to the city and its residents, on a detailed scale, which enables the study of intrinsic social structures of neighbourhoods. Information on the complexity of social urban dynamics is essential in decision making processes of urban developments and construction projects. Especially since redevelopment projects have become the answer to the long-standing challenges cities are faced with.
The scope of the following study has been framed within the context of redevelopment projects in Amsterdam, observing the outcome of so-called ‘state-led gentrification projects’ and exploring the opportunities big data holds to function as a decision making support in managing and enhancing urban development and construction processes of the built environment.

Projects of re-use of underused infrastructures to design sustainable urban landscape architecture represent a great contribution to meet the need for sustainability cities are experiencing today. Urban administrators often strive for a successful realization of such projects, to give a social and economic power impulse to poorly performant neighbourhoods. In some cases, though, a balance between the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic) is a hard matter to achieve. Indeed, in some occasions, the neighbourhood-boosting role takes over, leading to the establishment of mechanisms that might only partially work from a sustainable viewpoint. Big Open Linked Data (BOLD) methods are offering new opportunities to design decision-making models for urban planning and management. The combination of social media, census, sensors and traditional data gives a new perspective to solve modern urban challenges through a holistic and inclusive approach. Compared to the mere use of traditional sources, BOLD methods rely on a bigger-scale, more accurate, real-time, data set. In this research, BOLD potential is explored to estimate the extent to which it can help solving the described urban issue. Therefore, the research question can be addressed as follows: How can BOLD help city planners and managers determining the real-time and holistic impact on social, environmental and economic dynamics in projects of re-use of obsolete or underused infrastructures? How could these projects enhance sustainable benefits without neglecting the positive economic and social impact for the neighbourhood? An in-depth literature study on public parks and brownfield redevelopments can help setting criteria and variables related to sustainability. For each of these variables, it is established whether a BOLD approach could bring more satisfactory results on a selected case study, the High Line Park, in New York. The final product is a framework that serves as decision-making supportive tool, to assess through BOLD and traditional data combined the way these aspects of sustainability connect to each other in such projects. Finally, the framework is tested and adapted to a case study in Rotterdam, the Hofbogen viaduct redevelopment. This case study in the Netherlands is not only useful to test the validity of the framework built in a different context, but it serves the purpose of solving the main problem concerning this case study: social sustainability. Indeed, the framework is used to improve this aspect thorough the next phases of the redevelopment, defining a frame for both project and neighbourhood assessment and inclusive participatory model for all stakeholders involved.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to research the potential of smart tools in the increasingly dynamic used campus workplace from a user perspective, to provide the campus manager with information on both the smart tool product and the smart tool implementation process.
Methodology: The currently used smart tools are explored by filling out a standardized form. The in-depth case studies are conducted following the user journey approach. By drawing a timeline of a day and mapping the different events with associated feelings, an in-depth view of the users’ day can be captured.
Findings: The findings show 9 different smart tools functions. Within these groups, smart tools differ in terms of level of accuracy and combination of provided functions. The user journeys present the diversity in smart tool requests that users can have, which is strongly related to the provided workplace. Based on the findings, implications for the campus manager are summarized in an ambition framework, which presents four strategies to approach a smart tool project.
Practical implications: The findings from this research are based on the campus manager perspective and therefore provide implications for the campus manager.
Originality: The paper provides insights in several smart tool projects. As still many smart tool projects are not considered to be successful after implementation, information is needed to guide campus manager throughout this process.