The city of Amsterdam aims to supply buildings in the historic centre of Amsterdam with sustainable, reliable, and affordable heat for space heating. However, currently only hight temperature heat from biomass and waste incinerators can generate sufficient heat to supply this area. This solution does not lead to reducing the carbon emission reduction goals of 2050. Current alternatives such as aqua thermal energy or a hybrid solution contribute to a reduction in CO2 emission but cannot supply sufficient heat to meet the high demand of historic buildings.