One-way slabs under concentrated loads may fail by one-way shear, punching, flexure or a mixed-mode between them. This study examines the benefits of using Linear Elastic Finite Element Analyses (LEFEA) combined with analytical expressions to predict the shear and punching capacities of such slabs. Besides, the determination of the most critical shear failure mechanism is also addressed. A simplified approach is proposed to predict the shear and punching capacity without numerical models. Forty-eight tests of simply supported slabs under concentrated loads were evaluated. The LEFEA was conducted with ABAQUS. The analytical expressions are based on the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT). The coupling of the CSCT-expressions with the LEFEA accurately predicts the governing shear failure mechanism and the shear capacity of most test results. In this study, it was also found that the punching capacity predictions may be improved by considering the influence of the slab width and load size on the governing failure mechanism. A similar level of precision was achieved using only analytical expressions when properly calibrated. Therefore, the CSCT expressions can be used at different stages of design and assessment of existing structures according to the Level of Approximation required.

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Geothermal is vital for sustainably meeting Indonesia's energy demand, given its estimated massive reserves potential equivalent to 24 GW of electricity. The Indonesian government has set geothermal contributions to the national energy mix at 7,241.5 MW by 2025 and 17,546 MW by 2050, despite harnessing such vast potential needing significant investment. To that goal, the government established a feed-in tariff (FIT) mechanism to encourage private sector investment in geothermal development. However, FIT has undergone significant alterations in a short period. Moreover, various complicating factors—bureaucracy, social, and technical—exist alongside FIT implementation. Therefore, the extent that FIT can effectively enhance geothermal development in Indonesia should be challenged with further investigation. This study explores the efficacy of FIT policies for geothermal electricity by comparing the performance of several FIT schemes in terms of their impact on the government's target achievement. This study combines the policy analysis framework with system dynamics modeling to understand the dynamic interaction of FIT policy and other important components in geothermal development. The findings show that modest bureaucracy and public support are required. Furthermore, to enhance geothermal development more effectively, FIT should be at least 11 cents US$/kWh and accompanied by technical breakthroughs and government-funded exploration activities.@en

Bridge deck slabs without shear reinforcement under concentrated loads close to line supports may develop different shear failure modes: (i) one-way shear by shear-compression or flexure-shear failure mechanisms and (ii) two-way shear or punching shear under asymmetrical loading conditions. Notably, most publications concentrate on one of the failure modes and do not delve into the transition between these failure modes. This study proposes to discuss the level of precision of the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) to predict the shear capacity of slabs subjected to transitional failure modes in shear due to asymmetrical load or support conditions. For this purpose, the CSCT models of one-way shear and two-way shear are coupled with Linear Elastic Finite Element Analyses (LEFEA) to evaluate the nonuniform distribution of shear forces and bending moments around the loaded area and on the control sections used. The use of LEFEA aids in understanding the change of failure modes according to parameters such as the member width to effective depth ratio and the shear span. The results indicate that the CSCT coupled with LEFEA allows for accurate predictions of the shear and punching shear capacity of slabs according to the governing failure mode of the tests. @en

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) face significant adoption barriers in Jakarta. Therefore, a successful transition requires measures from the government. Owing to the high cost of transition policies, the efficacy of these policies must be analyzed to identify the most effective policy. The implementation of transition policies, however, could dynamically influence people's perception and behavior, which then changes the landscape of adoption barriers. Furthermore, even a seemingly successful policy may fail when a certain pathway of uncertainties emerges in the future. To address these concerns, we integrated agent-based modeling, exploratory modeling, and diffusion of innovation theory into the exploratory model-based diffusion analysis approach. This approach evaluates the policy's performance, explores changes in the relative importance of different adoption barriers, and identifies policy vulnerabilities, i.e., scenarios leading to policy failures. We tested this approach on four NGV transition policies targeting three adoption barriers. We found that the importance of adoption barriers and the critical uncertainties upon the implemented policies. The social–behavioral barrier predominates under current conditions, whereas the economic factor becomes more relevant when all policies are executed. Understanding the changes in adoption barriers and policy vulnerabilities will help decision-makers to prepare additional measures that ensure a successful transition.

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