This chapter introduces two of the most popular granular-sludge-based systems, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) as options of resource recovery in the field of wastewater treatment. It starts by an introduction on the characteristics and conditions of the high-strength wastewater and the application of the introduced systems in the related industries. It then describes UASB and EGSB configuration and structures and explains their advantages and disadvantages over each other and other treatment systems. Moreover, the most important operational parameters of the systems are explained. Finally, after introducing two case-study regarding the application of UASB and EGSB systems in olive oil and pulp and paper industries, recommendations about system improvements and prospects of the future research areas are discussed.@en