Simulating a typhoon’s wind field via mesoscale models is important in terms of providing not only the guidelines for urban planning and onshore/offshore constructions, but also the provision of insight into the dynamics and thermodynamics of tropical cyclone systems. Therefore, the errors that are contained in simulation results were investigated in the present study, in association with large-scale meteorological patterns and localized wind conditions in the typhoon boundary layer. In detail, the full-set three-dimensional simulations of three typhoon cases were carried out in order to provide the typhoon wind fields that were required to compare with the observations that were obtained through land weather stations and offshore buoys. Although the reliability of typhoon simulations has been thoroughly investigated, the previous works mostly concentrated on the configurations and dynamic core of the model. The present study reveals, however, the influences of the characteristics of the specific weather system on the simulation’s results, which provides the foundation for the proposition of empirical corrections to improve the mesoscale simulation results of typhoon wind fields without updating the model’s algorithm.

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Individual pitch control (IPC) is an effective and widely used strategy to mitigate blade loads in wind turbines. However, conventional IPC fails to cope with blade and actuator faults, and this situation may lead to an emergency shutdown and increased maintenance costs. In this paper, a fault-tolerant individual pitch control (FTIPC) scheme is developed to accommodate these faults in floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), based on a Subspace Predictive Repetitive Control (SPRC) approach. To fulfill this goal, an online subspace identification paradigm is implemented to derive a linear approximation of the FOWT system dynamics. Then, a repetitive control law is formulated to attain load mitigation under operating conditions, both in healthy and faulty conditions. Since the excitation noise used for the online subspace identification may interfere with the nominal power generation of the wind turbine, a novel excitation technique is developed to restrict excitation at specific frequencies. Results show that significant load reductions are achieved by FTIPC, while effectively accommodating blade and actuator faults and while restricting the energy of the persistently exciting control action.

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Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) operate in the harsh marine environment with limited accessibility and maintainability. Not only failures are more likely to occur than in land-based turbines, but also corrective maintenance is more expensive. In the present study, a mixed model and signal-based Fault Diagnosis (FD) architecture is developed to detect and isolate critical faults in FOWTs. More specifically, a model-based scheme is developed to detect and isolate the faults associated with the turbine system. It is based on a fault detection and approximation estimator and fault isolation estimators, with time-varying adaptive thresholds to guarantee against false-alarms. In addition, a signal-based scheme is established, within the proposed architecture, for detecting and isolating two representative mooring lines faults. For the purpose of verification, a 10MW FOWT benchmark is developed and its operating conditions, which contains predefined faults, are simulated by extending the high-fidelity simulator. Based on it, the effectiveness of the proposed architecture is illustrated. In addition, the advantages and limitations are discussed by comparing its fault detection to the results delivered by other approaches. Results show that the proposed architecture has the best performance in detecting and isolating the critical faults in FOWTs under diverse operating conditions.@en