The primary challenges posed by oral mucosal diseases are their high incidence and the difficulty in managing symptoms. Inspired by the ability of bioelectricity to activate cells, accelerate metabolism, and enhance immunity, a conductive polyacrylamide/sodium alginate crosslinked hydrogel composite containing reduced graphene oxide (PAA-SA@rGO) is developed. This composite possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, serving as a bridge to turn the “short circuit” of the injured site into a “completed circuit,” thereby prompting fibroblasts in proximity to the wound site to secrete growth factors and expedite tissue regeneration. Simultaneously, the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel effectively seals wounds to form a barrier, exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and prevents foreign bacterial invasion. As the electric field of the wound is rebuilt and repaired by the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel, a 5 × 5 mm² wound in the full-thickness buccal mucosa of rats can be expeditiously mended within mere 7 days. The theoretical calculations indicate that the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel can aggregate and express SOX2, PITX1, and PITX2 at the wound site, which has a promoting effect on rapid wound healing. Importantly, this PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel has a fast curative effect and only needs to be applied for the first three days, which significantly improves patient satisfaction during treatment.

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The natural design and coupling of biological structures are the root of realizing the high strength, toughness, and unique functional properties of biomaterials. Advanced architecture design is applied to many materials, including metal materials, inorganic nonmetallic materials, polymer materials, and so on. To improve the performance of advanced materials, the designed architecture can be enhanced by bionics of biological structure, optimization of structural parameters, and coupling of multiple types of structures. Herein, the progress of structural materials is reviewed, the strengthening mechanisms of different types of structures are highlighted, and the impact of architecture design on the performance of advanced materials is discussed. Architecture design can improve the properties of materials at the micro level, such as mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivity. The synergistic effect of structure makes traditional materials move toward advanced functional materials, thus enriching the macroproperties of materials. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of structural innovation of advanced materials in improving material properties are discussed.

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In recent years, various functional fabrics capable of responding to multistimuli have been widely recognized as promising wearable devices. However, the obtained composite functional fabrics have only been applied in a few scenarios, rendering the achievement of multifunctional wearable application scenarios a difficult goal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to expand the diversity of wearable applications for functional fabrics. Herein, we design hydrogel composite fabrics capable of responding to multiple stimuli, including vibration, temperature, strain, and pressure, to enable wearable multiapplication scenarios. The hydrogel composite fabrics, based on nylon fabrics (NFs), are fabricated with polyacrylamide (PAM)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/NFs (PAM-PVA-SA-rGO/NFs). The PAM-PVA-SA-rGO/NFs exhibit a higher elastic stiffness coefficient (2.79 N cm^-1) than the blank NFs (1.76 N cm^-1), good temperature sensitivity in the range of 30-80 °C, and excellent detecting ability for urine presence with a threshold of unit area of 2.55 × 10^-3 mL cm^-2. The PAM-PVA-SA-rGO/NFs can not only respond to multiple stimuli but also be integrated into clothing for wearable multiapplication scenarios, such as detecting human speaking and breathing, intelligent sleeves, and diaper alarms. Additionally, the mechanisms of the above phenomena are revealed. These results indicate that the PAM-PVA-SA-rGO/NFs will provide inspiration for the development of intelligence systems, feedback devices, soft robotics, wearable devices, etc.

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With the trend of miniaturization and the increasing power density, the operating temperature of electronic devices keeps climbing, especially for wide band-gap semiconductors such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride. The high operating temperature up to 250℃ brings challenges to encapsulation materials since traditional encapsulation materials such as epoxy resins and silicone gels hardly bear temperatures above 200℃. Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was proved to be a promising encapsulation material, which owns high thermal stability with its operating temperature of up to 300℃. Based on its satisfied thermal stability and low cost, the thermal conductivity of CAC was researched in this work with different ratios of 10-μm-sphere-Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) fillers at different temperatures, which formed μm-scale CAC-Al 2 O 3 composites. In this work, we focused on the thermal conductivity of CAC-Al 2 O 3 composites aiming for encapsulation applications in power electronics packaging. The thermal conductivities of μm-scale CAC-Al 2 O 3 composites by the laser-flash method from room temperature to 350℃ were firstly measured. Results showed with an increasing content of fillers, the TC of CACAl 2 O 3 will increase accordinglyIt also illustrated that calcium aluminate cement was a high thermal stable encapsulation material with thermal conductivity over epoxy resins. Then, the Finite Element Model (FEM) was established and calibrated by experimental data for thermal conductivity simulation. The FEM model accuracy reached 90%. Such models for new filler materials are effective to minimize material development by actual experiments and characterizations, for CAC composite with different fillers. It also provides an alternative method in predicting other physical properties of composites such as coefficient of thermal expansion, porosity, etc.@en

Previously, α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are recognized as anode materials owing to their high capacity and multiple properties. Now, this work provides high-voltage α-Fe2O3 nanoceramics cathodes fabricated by the solvothermal and calcination processes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Then, their structure and electrical conductivity were investigated by the first-principles calculations. Also, the SIB with the α-Fe2O3 nanoceramics cathode exhibits a high initial charge-specific capacity of 692.5 mA h g-1 from 2.0 to 4.5 V at a current density of 25 mA g-1. After 800 cycles, the discharge capacity is still 201.8 mA h g-1, well exceeding the one associated with the present-state high-voltage SIB. Furthermore, the effect of the porous structure of the α-Fe2O3 nanoceramics on sodium ion transport and cyclability is investigated. This reveals that α-Fe2O3 nanoceramics will be a remarkably promising low-cost and pollution-free high-voltage cathode candidate for high-voltage SIBs.

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NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), a well-known anode material, could be used as a solid wide-band gap electrolyte. Herein, a novel solid-state sodium-ion battery (SSIB) with the thickness of electrolyte up to the millimeter level is proposed. The results of the difference in charge density investigated by the first-principles calculations imply that using the NTP nanocrystals as electrolytes to transport sodium ions is feasible. Moreover, the SSIB exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 3250 mAh g-1 at the current density of 50 mA g-1. As compared with other previously reported SSIBs, our results are better than those reported and suggest that the NTP nanocrystals have potential application in SSIBs as solid electrolytes.

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All-solid-state sodium-ion battery (ASSIB) is a promising new energy storage device due to the excellent thermal stability, low flammability, high impermeability and nonvolatility, as well as riskless fire and explosion properties. The solid electrolyte plays a core role in the ASSIBs to determine their electrochemical performance. Herein, close attention is paid to effective approaches to improve the performance of solid electrolytes, including ion doping and substitution, composite method, coating method, crystal transformation method, ceramization and vitrification, etc. In particular, electrochemical window, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and structural stability are also reviewed. The future development of solid electrolytes and the possible directions for improving the properties of the ASSIBs in practical applications are also prospects. This review will guide the development of solid electrolytes for the ASSIBs in future.

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All-solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) possess the advantages of rich resources, low price, and high security, which are one of the best alternatives for large-scale energy storage systems in the future. Also, the chalcogenide solid electrolytes (CSEs) of SIBs have the characteristics of excellent room-temperature ionic conductivity (10⁻³-10⁻² S cm⁻¹), low activation energy (<0.6 eV), easy cold-pressing consolidation, etc. Hence, CSEs have become a very active area of all-solid-state SIB research in recent years. In this review, the modification methods and implementation technologies of CSEs are summarized, and the structure and electrochemical performance of the CSEs are discussed. Furthermore, the auxiliary function of first-principle calculations for modification is introduced. Ultimately, we describe the challenges regarding CSEs and propose some strategic suggestions.

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