The significance of wafer bonding is fundamental to the progression of electronic systems. Common fabrication techniques for Cu pillars play a crucial role in establishing resilient and efficient interconnects within semiconductor devices. It is imperative to explore the potential of nano-copper as an alternative material to overcome limitations associated with conventional copper. The use of nano copper paste in manufacturing has the potential to simplify the process, potentially reducing the number of steps compared to conventional methods. This study delves into the intricacies of wafer-level packaging (WLP), with a particular focus on hybrid bonding processes utilizing nanocopper sintering. Through the application of Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, we investigate the stress distribution and thermal dynamics inherent in the sintering and hybrid bonding of both bulk copper and nanocopper materials. Our findings illuminate the superior mechanical and thermal properties of nanocopper, which contribute to reduced stress concentrations and enhanced mechanical integrity in semiconductor packaging. The research highlights the pivotal role of nanocopper sintering in advancing WLP technologies, offering insights into optimizing sintering and bonding parameters for improved device reliability and performance.@en

High electric-field stress is an effective solution to the recovery of irradiated devices. In this paper, the dependence of the recovery level on the magnitude of gate voltage and duration is investigated. Compared with the scheme of high gate-bias voltage with a short stress time, the transfer characteristics are significantly recovered by applying a low electric field with a long duration. When the electric field and stress time are up to a certain value, the threshold voltage almost approaches the limitation, which is less than that before irradiation. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the recovery of the irradiated devices is also demonstrated. The result indicates that a high temperature of 175 °C used for the irradiated devices’ annealing does not play a role in promoting the recovery of transfer characteristics. In addition, to obtain a deep-level understanding of threshold degradation, the first-principles calculations of three Si/SiO2 interfaces are performed. It is found that new electronic states can be clearly observed in the conduction bans and valence bands after the Si-H/-OH bonds are broken by electron irradiation. However, their distribution depends on the selection of the passivation scheme. Ultimately, it can be observed that the threshold voltage linearly decreases with the increase in interface charge density. These results can provide helpful guidance in the deep interpretation of threshold degradation and the recovery of the irradiated super-junction devices. @en