This research delves into the post-war reconstruction of Damascus, focusing on the intricate balance between preserving cultural heritage and embracing modernity. Through the lens of informal settlements, particularly in the neighborhood of Jobar, the study examines the adaptability of contemporary dwellings alongside historic courtyard houses. The analysis highlights the tension between modernization aspirations and the preservation of unique cultural identities in a post-war context. A comprehensive survey, incorporating diverse voices from the Syrian community, revealed a tapestry of preferences and aspirations that underscore the importance of community living, memories associated with home, and resilience. This input shaped the design intervention known as Bait Byoot, which aims to rebuild structures while fostering a sense of community and resilience. The project integrates green spaces, communal hubs, and varied materials, addressing immediate housing needs and promoting sustainable, flexible growth. Bait Byoot,beyond a housing project, it serves as a blueprint for revitalizing war-torn communities, providing a foundation for healing and growth. The design respects traditions and experiences, bridging the past and future to create spaces for new memories and opportunities. This research emphasizes the human element in post-war reconstruction, advocating for urban resilience and recognizing that rebuilding communities extends beyond physical structures. It calls for a delicate interplay between modernization, cultural preservation, and the human experience. By envisioning the future of neighborhoods like Jobar, the study aims to revitalize the essence of community, creating spaces where resilience, cultural richness, and the philosophy of home-making converge into a narrative of hope and renewal.

Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, similar to many war destructed cities, has undergone major transformations post-civil war. Lebanon today is very much a result of the differences between different religions and religious sects the country witnesses on a political and social level. These disagreements made way in every decision making process especially during its (re)construction. Different political groups worked on the transformation of different regions which lead to many contrasts present today in Beirut. The (re)construction of Beirut brought many lessons for future (re)constructions of countries. This topic has become more crucial in recent years as more destructions are caused by the increase in wars the world is witnessing. Most of the research conducted on the (re)construction of war torn cities either targets Western cities or focuses on one development area instead of looking at the whole image. This is especially relevant for Beirut’s (re)constructions since the capital underwent different transformation projects by different groups. Therefore, the research group investigated is How have wars designed modern Beirut’s urban typology? This paper studied three neighbourhoods in Beiurt namely : Beirut Central District, Zokak el Balat and Haret Hreik. A comparative analysis was conducted to identify the similarities and differences these neighbourhoods had. Having an absent governmental body during the (re)constructions of Beirut allowed the political groups to demolish buildings according to their likings and incentives. Very often, the neighbourhoods studied underwent major transformations that completely changed the character of the area. The (re)constructions of Beirut were solely steered by private incentives of the various political groups. At the end of the day, it was the Lebanese people that greatly suffered from Beirut’s makeover.