The virtual integration of geographically distributed RI for joint experiments in the domain of power and energy systems poses numerous challenges, particularly in terms of tool compatibility and user-friendliness. To address some of these challenges, this work presents the development and implementation of a laboratory-based middleware and data exchange service as part of the H2020 ERIGrid 2.0 project. The middleware comprises a suite of shared software tools and services designed to seamlessly integrate RIs including transport protocols as well as interface semantics. Specifically, this work details the development of a simplified and standardised interface known as the UAPI. It eliminates the need for users to grapple with the diverse intricacies of each individual RI, offering instead a tool-agnostic and standardised interface for conducting joint experiments. The work also presents and discusses the results of a real-world case study of a geographically distributed, sector-coupling experiment conducted between laboratories in Denmark, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, and Norway utilising the developed middleware.@en

The complexity and dynamic nature of laboratory configurations pose a challenge when undertaking joint experiments, involving multiple Research Infrastructures (RIs). In this context, this paper presents an approach towards the automation of Configuration Management (CM) for joint experiments between multiple labs. The objective is to develop a CM workflow, based on the automated generation of individual local signal configurations from a single global experiment configuration. For this reason, a global experiment configuration file which defines signals, their exchange patterns between RIs, and the data transport packages used for the actual exchange is created. Furthermore, typical use cases based on static and dynamic lab configuration are defined and demonstrated using the proposed approach.@en

Simulation-based assessments are a cost- and time-effective way of evaluating various aspects of large energy systems. For instance, they can help in the design process of energy systems, where they provide insights into technical or economic questions. Or they can be used for developing operational strategies and controllers to increase the efficiency of energy systems.
In the case of integrated urban energy systems, simulation-based assessments still remain challenging due to their complex requirements, from both a methodological as well as a technical perspective. This is not only due to the size of the considered systems but also due to the fact that they comprise and integrate subsystems that are related to different engineering domains (e.g., electric grids and heat networks) and different stakeholders. Nevertheless, recent work has demonstrated how innovative simulation approaches can be successfully utilized in this context, enabling detailed multi-domain assessments for urban energy systems.
However, not only models and tools are necessary for such complex simulation based assessments. Issues related to data availability and reproducibility are of equal importance, in order to set up simulations and compare results. And, with the help of proper methodologies, it is possible to exploit synergies between complementary simulation approaches for holistic assessments. Within this context, this paper highlights recent developments from research projects that target these issues. The examples demonstrate how these new approaches help in understanding the associated risks and potentials, paving the way for early adopters to implement innovative concepts in the context of integrated urban energy systems.@en

Work package JRA2 focuses on the development of advanced simulation-based methods to checkand validate smart grid scenarios, configurations and corresponding applications. The main aim isto employ offline simulation of scenarios where a combination of parallel processing, advanced optimization techniques, and design-of-experiments is used to master the system complexity. Secondary targets include the development of methods for HIL application as well as for the assessment of cyber-security concepts. This assessment will cover the following smart grid properties:system stability, system scalability, component interoperability, and information security. Eventuallyit is the goal to explore the operational limits and the sensitivity of these system properties towardssystem parameters.@en

The gradual deployment of intelligent and coordinated devices in the electrical power system needs careful investigation of the interactions between the various domains involved. Especially due to the coupling between ICT and power systems a holistic approach for testing and validating is required. Taking existing (quasi-) standardised smart grid system and test specification methods as a starting point, we are developing a holistic testing and validation approach that allows a very flexible way of assessing the system level aspects by various types of experiments (including virtual, real, and mixed lab settings). This paper describes the formal holistic test case specification method and applies it to a particular co-simulation experimental setup. The various building blocks of such a simulation (i.e., FMI, mosaik, domain-specific simulation federates) are covered in more detail. The presented method addresses most modeling and specification challenges in cyber-physical energy systems and is extensible for future additions such as uncertainty quantification.@en

Renewables are key enablers in the plight to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and cope with anthropogenic global warming. The intermittent nature and limited storage capabilities of renewables culminate in new challenges that power system operators have to deal with in order to regulate power quality and ensure security of supply. At the same time, the increased availability of advanced automation and communication technologies provides new opportunities for the derivation of intelligent solutions to tackle the challenges. Previous work has shown various new methods of operating highly interconnected power grids, and their corresponding components, in a more effective way. As a consequence of these developments, the traditional power system is being transformed into a cyber-physical energy system, a smart grid. Previous and ongoing research have tended to mainly focus on how specific aspects of smart grids can be validated, but until there exists no integrated approach for the analysis and evaluation of complex cyber-physical systems configurations. This paper introduces integrated research infrastructure that provides methods and tools for validating smart grid systems in a holistic, cyber-physical manner. The corresponding concepts are currently being developed further in the European project ERIGrid.

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Smart grid systems are characterized by high complexity due to interactions between a traditional passive network and active power electronic components, coupled using communication links. Additionally, automation and information technology plays an important role in order to operate and optimize such cyber-physical energy systems with a high(er) penetration of fluctuating renewable generation and controllable loads. As a result of these developments the validation on the system level becomes much more important during the whole engineering and deployment process, today. In earlier development stages and for larger system configurations laboratory-based testing is not always an option. Due to recent developments, simulation-based approaches are now an appropriate tool to support the development, implementation, and roll-out of smart grid solutions. This paper discusses the current state of simulation-based approaches and outlines the necessary future research and development directions in the domain of power and energy systems.

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Renewable energy sources are key enablers to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to cope with the anthropogenic global warming. Their intermittent behaviour and limited storage capabilities present challenges to power system operators in maintaining the high level of power quality and reliability. However, the increased availability of advanced automation and communication technologies has provided new intelligent solutions to face these challenges. Previous work has presented various new methods to operate highly interconnected power grids with corresponding components in a more effective way. As a consequence of these developments the traditional power system is transformed into a cyber-physical system, a smart grid.
Previous and ongoing research activities have mainly focused on validating certain aspects of smart grids, but until now no integrated approach for analysing and evaluating complex configurations in a cyber-physical systems manner is available. This paper tackles this issue and addresses system validation approaches for smart grids. Different approaches for different stages in the design, development, and roll-out phase of smart grid solutions and components are discussed. Finally, future research directions are analysed.@en