The remote monitoring method based on air-quality monitoring sensors is a common way to monitor the FSC (fuel sulfur content) of oils for ships. Considering the influences of geographical environments, atmospheric conditions, regional ship traffic flow, emission characteristics of ships, and height of monitoring sensors on the monitor station chosen, a new method was proposed to optimize the site selection for monitoring the FSC of fuel oils used by ships in waters of the port. SO2 numeric simulation and observation from sensors were integrated to estimate the FSCs. The proposed method was utilized to recommend the sites of the fixed sniffing monitoring stations in Yantian port, Shenzhen, China from June and July 2018. The results showed that the experimental stations could monitor FSCs, and the relative difference between the estimated and actual FSCs of ships was 16.34%. The proposed method for recommending sites of FSC monitoring sensors contributed to intelligently supervising air pollutants emitted from ships and fuel oils of ships in the emission control areas of China.@en

It has been reported experimentally that granular particles can climb along a vertically vibrating tube partially inserted inside a granular silo. In this paper, we use the Discrete Element Method (DEM) available in the Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFIX) code to investigate this phenomenon. By tracking the movement of individual particles, the climbing mechanism was illustrated and analyzed. The numerical results show that a sufficiently high vibration strength is needed to form a low solids volume fraction region inside the lower end of the vibrating tube, a dense region in the middle of the tube, and to bring the particles outside from the top layers down to fill in the void. The results also show that particle compaction in the middle section of the tube is the main cause of the climbing. Consequently, varying parameters which influence the compacted region, such as the restitution coefficient, change the climbing height.

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