Classification of electromagnetic resonances in finite inhomogeneous three-dimensional structures

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Abstract

We present a simple and unified classification of macroscopic electromagnetic resonances in finite arbitrarily inhomogeneous isotropic dielectric 3D structures situated in free space. By observing the complex-plane dynamics of the spatial spectrum of the volume integral operator as a function of angular frequency and constitutive parameters, we identify and generalize all the usual resonances, including complex plasmons, real laser resonances in media with gain, and real quasistatic resonances in media with negative pertimittivity and gain.