4D printed shape-shifting biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications

Review (2024)

Authors

Pedro J. Diaz-Payno Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
P.J. Diaz-Payno Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
P.J. Diaz Payno Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
Pedro J. Diaz Payno Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
Mohammad Javad Mirzaali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Mohammad J. Mirzaali Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Gerjo van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
G.J.V.M. van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
G.J.V.M. Van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
Gerjo J.V.M. Van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
Gerjo Van Osch Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Erasmus MC
L. E. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
E.L. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Lidy Fratila-Apachitei Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Amir A. Zadpoor Leiden University Medical Center, Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
A. A. Zadpoor Leiden University Medical Center, Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Amir Abbas Zadpoor Leiden University Medical Center, Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
A.A. Zadpoor Leiden University Medical Center, Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Research Group
Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics (Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering) (TU Delft)
Copyright: © 2024 Maria Kalogeropoulou, P.J. Diaz Payno, Mohammad J. Mirzaali, G.J.V.M. van Osch, E.L. Fratila-Apachitei, A.A. Zadpoor
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ad1e6f
More Info
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Published Date

2024

Language

English

Faculty

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Department

Biomechanical Engineering

Research Group

Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics

Abstract

The existing 3D printing methods exhibit certain fabrication-dependent limitations for printing curved constructs that are relevant for many tissues. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that is expected to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). 4D printing is based on 3D printing, featuring the introduction of time as the fourth dimension, in which there is a transition from a 3D printed scaffold to a new, distinct, and stable state, upon the application of one or more stimuli. Here, we present an overview of the current developments of the 4D printing technology for TERM, with a focus on approaches to achieve temporal changes of the shape of the printed constructs that would enable biofabrication of highly complex structures. To this aim, the printing methods, types of stimuli, shape-shifting mechanisms, and cell-incorporation strategies are critically reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges of this very recent biofabrication technology as well as the future research directions are discussed. Our findings show that the most common printing methods so far are stereolithography (SLA) and extrusion bioprinting, followed by fused deposition modelling, while the shape-shifting mechanisms used for TERM applications are shape-memory and differential swelling for 4D printing and 4D bioprinting, respectively. For shape-memory mechanism, there is a high prevalence of synthetic materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA), or polyurethanes. On the other hand, different acrylate combinations of alginate, hyaluronan, or gelatin have been used for differential swelling-based 4D transformations. TERM applications include bone, vascular, and cardiac tissues as the main target of the 4D (bio)printing technology. The field has great potential for further development by considering the combination of multiple stimuli, the use of a wider range of 4D techniques, and the implementation of computational-assisted strategies.