On the powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing and welding of oxide dispersion strengthened Eurofer steel

Abstract

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are promising candidates for use as structural materials in the next generation fission and fusion reactors. Compared to conventional ferritic or martensitic steels, ODS steels exhibit improved high-temperature creep properties and irradiation resistance. Favourable properties are mainly attributed to the fine grain features and the high number density of nanosized oxide particles in the steel matrix. These nanoparticles can act as pinning sites for dislocations and stable sinks for irradiation introduced defects, leading to significantly enhanced mechanical properties. In order to be employed in nuclear systems with large, complex structures, the fabrication and welding of ODS steels with reproducible and superior properties are inevitable and essential. However, after 10–20 years of studying since the emergence of ODS steels, these issues remain the major bottlenecks limiting further development. This thesis is concerned with ODS Eurofer steel, which is one of the representatives of ODS steels and has been the research focus in terms of promising nuclear materials within the European Union. With the aim to develop suitable and effective methods for the fabrication and welding of ODS Eurofer, the result of this study should help to extend the use of ODS steels in future nuclear applications.