Maximum Power Point Tracking Injection Method for Islanding Detection of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems in Microgrid

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel islanding detection method (IDM) for grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVSs) through a disturbance injection in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. When an absolute deviation of the output voltage exceeds a threshold, the applied disturbance shifts system operating point from its maximum power point (MPP) condition. This leads to a sharp active power output reduction and consequently, a significant voltage drop in islanded mode beyond the standard voltage limit. The proposed algorithm is defined in a way that the distributed generator (DG) can be restored to MPP after islanding classification. It is thereby effective in microgrid in where the power injection at maximum level to cater the critical loads and maintain the stability of the isolated area are pursued. An intentional time delay has also been considered to avoid nuisance tripping in short-circuit faults which do not require tripping. The assessment of the proposed technique has been conducted for a sample network containing two GCPVSs in a real-time platform including actual relays in hardware-in-the-loop (HiL). The provided results under extensive islanding scenarios defined in islanding standards endorse timely and accurately detection with negligible non-detection zone (NDZ) as well as no false tripping in non-islanding disturbances. The comparative analysis of the presented scheme with a few recent IDMs for GCPVS highlights its overall superiorities, including very small NDZ, fast detection, thresholds self-standing determination, no adverse effect on power quality, and simple and inexpensive integration.