The influence of a color themed HMI on trust and take-over performance in automated vehicles

Journal article (2023)

Authors

A. El Jouhri Student
H. Paksoy Student
X. He Intelligent Vehicles - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
S. Kim Human Information Communication Design - IDE
R. Happee Intelligent Vehicles - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Riender Happee Intelligent Vehicles - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Research Group
Intelligent Vehicles (Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering) (TU Delft)
Copyright: © 2023 A. El Jouhri, A. El Sharkawy, H. Paksoy, O.K.S.A. Youssif, X. He, S. Kim, R. Happee
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1128285
More Info
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Published Date

2023

Language

English

Faculty

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Department

Cognitive Robotics

Research Group

Intelligent Vehicles

Abstract

Introduction: SAE Level 3 is known as conditional driving automation. As long as certain conditions are met, there is no need to supervise the technology and the driver can engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, a human driver must be present and alert to take over when the automation is facing its system limits. When such an emergency takes place, the automation uses the human machine interface (HMI) to send a take-over request (TOR) to the driver.

Methods: We investigated the influence of a color themed HMI on the trust and take-over performance in automated vehicles. Using a driving simulator, we tested 45 participants divided in three groups with a baseline auditory HMI and two advanced color themed HMIs consisting of a display and ambient lighting with the colors red and blue. Trust in automation was assessed using questionnaires while take-over performance was assessed through response time and success rate.

Results: Compared to the baseline HMI, the color themed HMI is more trustworthy, and participants understood their driving tasks better. Results show that the color themed HMI is perceived as more pleasant compared to the baseline HMI and leads to shorter reaction times. Red ambient lighting is seen as more urging than blue, but HMI color did not significantly affect the general HMI perception and TOR performance.

Discussion: Further research can explore the use of color and other modalities to express varying urgency levels and validate findings in complex on road driving conditions.