Distributed Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Voltage Support in PV-Rich Low-Voltage Distribution Network

Abstract

As demand for clean and renewable energy around the world increases, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology becomes substantially popular, especially in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks. However, the integration of PV in LV distribution networks requires careful planning as it introduces voltage violations. To maintain network voltage, distributed control of residential-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) is a possible option. Previous studies considered only one-day simulations with limited testing conditions. However, it is important to evaluate voltage control capability over an extended period of time. Moreover, it is important to estimate battery lifetime for the economic feasibility evaluation of distributed control.

This work aims to present a distributed control method for BESSs at a residential scale to provide voltage support in a highly PV-penetrated LV network while providing insights into their lifetime estimation. A control method based on a consensus algorithm with the addition of SOC balancing control is proposed and tested on a modified CIGRE LV distribution network using MATLAB/Simulink. Evaluations on the voltage support capability and control behavior are performed in various testing conditions and are extended beyond one day of simulation. Moreover, a battery lifetime estimation is performed using the resulting cycling profile from the proposed control.

The proposed control strategy can provide voltage support in most case variations with the exception of cold seasons and extreme addition of PV power generation. Concerning battery lifetime, there is only a small observable capacity fade from the proposed strategy’s cycling profile. It is important to investigate calendar aging because of the small cycling current from the operating conditions presented in this work.