Battles in space

De-facto standardization of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Journal article (2022)

Authors

F. Grillo Economics of Technology and Innovation - TPM
G. van de Kaa Economics of Technology and Innovation - TPM
Research Group
Economics of Technology and Innovation (TPM) (TU Delft)
Copyright: © 2022 M. P. Breeman, F. Grillo, G. van de Kaa
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2022.101693
More Info
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Published Date

2022

Language

English

Faculty

Technology, Policy and Management

Department

Values Technology and Innovation

Research Group

Economics of Technology and Innovation

Abstract

As the European Union announced the final rollout of the second-generation satellite for their Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System by 2021, stakeholders from comparable systems contemplate the potentially disrupting effects such rollout could cause. This paper explores the battle for standards that facilitate Global Navigation Satellite Systems, with the focus on GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. The paper shows that although GPS is still in the lead, Galileo is closing in. It appears that GLONASS is trailing behind. Four factors for standard dominance were most important: brand reputation and credibility, operational supremacy, technological superiority, and compatibility.