Energy transition in the Kalimantan power system

Abstract

The Indonesian government has announced a national strategy to achieve net-zero emissions through energy transition and justice. However, there are no extensive studies that assess the impact of this strategy and the growing demand in the Kalimantan power system. Therefore, this thesis project aims to conduct a techno-economic and energy justice analysis of the power system with the research question: “What is the optimum configuration of renewable energy integration in the interconnected Kalimantan power system in 2050 to achieve net-zero carbon emissions while considering some energy justice parameters?” The research is conducted using spatiotemporal power system modelling as well as qualitative analysis. This research concludes that RE integration and transmission system interconnection could lower the levelized system costs in 2050. The LCOE from the Kalimantan power system model could decline from 72 USD/MWh in 2021 to 31 USD/MWh in 2050. The electricity generation mix could evolve from 90% fossil fuel in 2021 to 100% RE plus battery storage in 2050, consisting of 76% hydro, 11% solar, 9% biomass, and is supported by 3% battery storage. It includes achieving net-zero carbon emissions and improving energy justice in terms of affordability, availability, and intra- and inter-generational equity in the Kalimantan power system.